Discover the wonderful architecture of Bath, a blend of Celtic, Roman, Saxon, Norman, Medieval, Tudor, and Stuart styles. The city became a World Heritage Site in 1987, largely because of its architectural history and the way in which the city landscape draws together public and private buildings and spaces. The many examples of Palladian architecture are purposefully integrated into the urban spaces to provide a "picturesque aestheticism".
1) Upper Borough Walls
Upper Borough Walls is a historic street in Bath. Many of the local structures are listed buildings. The street takes its name from the section of the medieval wall of the city which still remains. The Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases was founded in 1738. The original building was designed by John Wood the Elder and built with Bath stone donated by Ralph Allen. It was later enlarged, firstly in 1793 by the addition of an attic, and later - in 1860 - by a second building erected on the west side of the earlier edifice. Number 10 was built between 1800 and 1820, when numbers 11 and 12 were also built. Number 11 had a new shop front around 1900. The Full Moon Hotel is slightly younger, having been built between 1780 and 1800. Numbers 18 and 18A, on the corner of Trim Street were built between 1730 and 1750. Broadleys Vaults Public House and Gascoyne House are also listed buildings.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Derek Harper
Sight description based on wikipedia
2) Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases
The Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases is a Grade II listed Georgian era hospital, located just off Upper Borough Walls, in the heart of Bath’s historic city centre. Still an active facility treating rheumatic and neurological illnesses, this compact hospital has played a major role in the recent history of Bath. Formerly known (and still known locally) as the Mineral Water Hospital, it was built to provide for the needs of the sick amongst Bath’s Georgian population. This was a higher proportion than in many other cities, as many sick people moved to the city, in the hope of being cured by Bath’s abundance of hot water springs.
Founded in 1738, the hospital is built from the famous sand coloured stone known locally as Bath Stone, seen throughout the city centre and surrounding streets. Designed by Sir John Wood the Elder, it was twice enlarged during the hospital’s heyday. True to its original name, the hospital continued to offer hydropathical services until 1978. As the hospital is still operational, it is not possible to tour the building, but the hospital is a worthwhile diversion just a couple of streets away from the Roman Baths and the city’s famous abbey.
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3) Trim Street
Trim Street in Bath is a historic street, built in 1707, full of shops and houses, many of which are listed buildings. It was named after George Trim, who owned the land. Number 5, which is also known as General Wolfe's house, is a two-storey building with a parapet and rusticated quoins, built by Thomas Greenway. The doorway has Ionic pilasters and a tympanum decorated with the implements of war. General James Wolfe was staying in the house when William Pitt, the elder commanded him to lead an expedition to Quebec. Numbers 6 and 7 are three-storeyed houses with a mansard roof, as are numbers 8 and 9. Number 10 dates from the late 18th century. It has three storeys plus an attic and mansard roof. The doorway has Doric columns and a pediment. Numbers 11 to 14 form a block of three- and four-storey buildings now used as shops, while the four-storey block at number 15 to 17 is still residential.
4) St John's Hospital
St John’s Hospital is one of Bath’s lesser known attractions, yet it has a history that is much longer than some of the city’s great Georgian jewels. Located in the maze of alleyways and courtyards around Bath’s main shopping streets, St John’s Hospital has held a presence in the city since 1180. In the present day, the hospital is in fact a collection of alms houses – neat, compact dwellings designed to house the elderly and infirm in comfort. St. John’s Hospital Trust has provided care to the vulnerable amongst Bath’s population since the original hospital’s formation, some 800 years ago.
St John’s Hospital was originally built adjacent to the Bath Cross hot springs, to take advantage of the alleged restorative powers of the local water. The alms houses that make up St John’s Hospital are now contained within a large two storey Georgian block, having been rebuilt in 1716 by architect William Killigrew. Now a Grade I listed building, the houses continue to be occupied by elderly local residents. Situated in a quiet courtyard, St John’s Hospital can easily be taken in as part of a tour of Bath’s historic centre, lying midway between the abbey and the Theatre Royal on either side of the city centre.
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5) Roman Baths
The Roman Baths are Bath’s most famous tourist attraction. A beautifully preserved relic of the town’s foundation as a Roman settlement, the baths lay ruined for centuries prior to extensive restoration in the 18th century. Now fully restored, they are one of the world’s only examples of naturally heated swimming baths – although you can no longer swim in them! The Roman Baths as a visitor attraction is divided into four sections – the Sacred Spring, the Roman Temple, the original Roman Bath House, and a museum which exhibits the remarkable array of Roman artefacts found within the site. The Roman Baths lie below street level, and are housed in elegant Georgian buildings. The site is Grade 1 listed by English Heritage, and attracts over a million visitors each year.
The Baths are situated in the square next to Bath Abbey, in a historic corner of this famous city. Opening hours vary throughout the year, with the baths generally open from 9.30am until 5.30pm, with later opening times in the summer months. Adult admission is £12.25, with concessions for senior citizens and children. Prices may be marginally higher in July and August. There are a number of package deals available, including a family ticket for two adults and two children, available for £35. Packages that also allow entry to the redeveloped Thermae baths nearby are available from £65.
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6) Bath Abbey
Bath Abbey forms the centerpiece of Bath’s many historic attractions. In the centre of town between the River Avon and the Roman Baths, the Abbey’s historic spire is visible throughout the town. Formally known as the Abbey of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, the abbey was founded in the 7th century and extensively rebuilt in both the 12th and 16th centuries. Restored to its current glory in the 19th century by Sir Gilbert Scott, and now constructed almost entirely from the city’s famous beige Bath stone, Bath Abbey is a grand Gothic church rich in history. The first king of England, Edgar was crowned here in the 8th century.
Still an active place of worship, the Abbey is free to visit, and tourists are welcome to attend the Abbey’s services. Guided tours of the Abbey are available at a cost of £3, whilst a guided walk up the iconic bell tower is available for £6 adults, £3 for children (aged 5-15). Adjacent to the abbey lies a square which houses the Roman Baths, and is also a great spot to admire the abbey’s architecture. In the abbey vaults, the Heritage Vaults Museum houses priceless artefacts from throughout the abbey’s history.
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7) Grand Pump Room
The Grand Pump Room is a historic building. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building. The main block, built of Bath stone, was started in 1789 by Thomas Baldwin. He resigned in 1791 and John Palmer continued the scheme from 1793 onwards. It was finally finished in 1799. The facade of the building features Corinthian half columns, perhaps an influence from the Temple at Bassae. The North Colonnade of 9 bays, with unfluted Ionic columns, was built by Baldwin in 1786. The South Colonnade is similar, but had an upper floor added in the late 19th century. The colonnades and side wall of the Pump Room have a facade on Stall Street. Visitors can take the waters from the warm spring which fills the adjacent Roman Baths and eat in the restaurant. Music in the restaurant is provided by the Pump Room Trio - the longest established resident ensemble in Europe - or by a pianist.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Colin Smith
Sight description based on wikipedia
8) Marshal Wade's House
Marshal Wade's House at 14 Abbey Church Yard, was built around 1700 and has been designated as a Grade I listed building. The building was originally attributed to Lord Burlington and was thought to have been built in 1730. However, it is now believed to have been an earlier construction, built for George Wade who was a Field Marshal and served as a British military commander and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, as well as a Member of Parliament for Bath from 1722 to 1747. The Palladian nature of the architecture is emphasised by the 5 fluted Ionic pilasters on the 1st and 2nd floors. The shop on the ground floor was an early 19th century development which is now occupied by the National Trust. The house was acquired by the Landmark Trust in 1975, who have carried out a renovation and now let out the property.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Brian Robert Marshall
Sight description based on wikipedia