Religion has been an important part of Munich's life for a long time and this is reflected in the city's numerous churches, chapels and cathedrals. During the 18th and the 19th century, many of them were reconstructed into Baroque and Rococo styles to represent the wealth and greatness of the city. This tour will take you to the magnificent religious edifices of Munich.
1) Ludwigskirche
The Ludwigskirche is a Catholic parish and university church located in the Ludwig Strasse in Munich. It is famous for its altar fresco that is the second largest in the world.
The Ludwigskirche was commissioned by King Ludwig I of Bavaria as part of his plans to improve the city of Munich. It was designed by Friedrich von Gärtner in Neo Romanesque style. The church was built between the years 1829 and 1844. The bombs of World War II severely damaged the exterior and the present structure is the result of careful rebuilding and restoration completed in 1952.
The white stucco facade of the Ludwigskirche was created to complement the Theatine Church that is located diagonally opposite to the building. It has two steeples with six bells. The round arches are in the Rundbogenstil style that influenced buildings in Germany and in places in the Americas where German speaking people settled. The main feature in the interior is the fresco of the Last Judgement by Peter Cornelius over the high altar. It is 62 feet high and has a width of 38 feet. Cornelius also painted the three other large frescoes, ‘the creator’, ‘Nativity’ and the ‘Crucifixion’ found inside the church.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Maximilian Dörrbecker
2) Theatine Church
The Theatine Church of St Cajetan is a Rococo structure that was the first Baroque style religious building in Munich. It was originally built for the order of Theatines from Italy. The Theatine church was commissioned in 1662, by the elector, Ferdinand and his consort, Henriette Adelaide of Savoy to give thanks for the birth of their long awaited son and heir Max Emanuel. It was designed by the Italian architect, Agostino Barelli on the lines of the Sant'Andrea della Valle Church in Rome. The church is clad almost entirely in white stucco giving it a bright, airy Mediterranean appearance. The design of the Theatine Church later influenced the architecture of many churches in Southern Germany. The original architect, Agostino Barelli was succeeded by another Italian, Enrico Zucalli, who designed the 71 meter high dome and two 70 meter high towers. The rococo façade was designed by François de Cuvilliers and his son in 1738.The interior stucco decorations were by the Italian sculptor Nicolo Petri and the statues were made by Germany’s Wolfgang Leutner. The great black altar was designed by Andreas Faistenberger. The crypt of the Theatine Church holds the graves of Max Emanuel and his parents and a small chapel within the church holds the graves of King Maximilian II and his consort.
Image Courtesy of Flickr and Kent Wang
3) Allerheiligen-Hofkirche
The Allerheiligen-Hofkirche was the main church where the Bavarian Royal family worshipped and is nestled within the Residenz Royal Palace. It is used as a venue for events and concerts today.
The Allerheiligen-Hofkirche was constructed between 1826 and 1837 during the renovation of the Residenz Royal Palace commissioned by King Ludwig I. His instructions to the architect, Leo von Klenze was to design the church on the lines of the Capella Palatina, a richly decorated Byzantine church located in Palermo, Italy. The final design also contained elements from St. Marks in Venice. The church was completely ruined by the bombs of World War II. It remained in a damaged state until 1986. Restoration was completed only in the year 2003.
The Allerheiligen-Hofkirche forms part of the Residenz Royal Palace complex and was dedicated to Virgin of the Immaculate Conception. It has a private entrance from the palace for the Royal family. The public entrance faces the Marstallplatz. The entrance has a Deesis surrounded by a Gothic ornamental gable with the statues of St. Peter and St. Paul on either side. The interior has a nave with two domes and an apse. The paintings in the chapel depict St. Maximilian and St. Anne. Most of the interior ornamentation was lost during the war and the recreated church is a simple structure housing a hall for musical performances with 200 seats.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Rufus46
4) Peterskirche
Affectionately called Old Peter by the locals, Peterskirche is said to be the site around which the city of Munich developed. It dates back to the 12th century and occupies the site of an older 8th century monastery and church.
The Peterskirche stands on the site of a former pre Merovingian Church. The monks who lived in the monastery called the hill, Petersbergl or Peter’s Hill. The city is named after these monks. Munchen is from the German word Monch meaning monk. A Bavarian Romanesque structure was first built in 1180. It burned down in 1327. The present church dates back to 1368. The Steeple topped spire and Baroque choir were added in the 17th century. The building was severely damaged during World War II but carefully restored later to resemble the original structure.
The interior of the Peterskirche has Erasmus Grasser’s sculpture from the 15th century and paintings by Johann Baptist Zimmerman. A popular attraction among visitors is the gilded skeleton of St. Mundita that is adorned with precious stones. Visitors can climb 306 steps to reach the upper platform of the steeple to get breathtaking views across Munich and as far as the Alps on a clear day. Color coded circles at the lower platform give an indication about the view from the top. A white circle tells visitors that the climb is worthwhile and that the Alps are visible from the upper platform.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Softeis
5) Frauenkirche
One of the major landmarks in the city, the twin towers were constructed in 1525. The church was designed by Gothic architect Jörg von Halsbach and Lukas Rottaler. Huge props on the inside help support the edifice and separate the smaller chapels. The hidden windows behind the pillars are another distinctive mark of this structure. The chapel also houses a 1510 painting by Jan Polack depicting the Virgin holding out her robes to shelter the humankind.
Image Courtesy of Flickr and atalou
6) St. Michael's Church
St. Michael's Church is a large Renaissance church built in early baroque style. The façade of the church has imposing bronze statues of the Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty. At the entrance is a statue of Archangel Michael depicting him fighting for faith and for the destruction of evil. The church crypt contains the tombs of members of the German Royal family members. Destroyed during the Second World War, the church was restored in 1946-48 with the stucco-work being restored as recently as 1983.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Luidger
7) Asam Church
Asam Church was built from 1733 to 1746 by the brothers Egid Quirin Asam and Cosmas Damian Asam. Built in the Bavarian baroque architecture form, has an ornate façade that tells the story of the deeds of St. John of Nepomuk. The ceiling of the church is decorated with magnificent paintings. Just a few minutes walk from the Town Hall, the church is also known as the Church of St. Johann Nepomuk.
Image Courtesy of Flickr and Jakob Montrasio
8) Abtei St. Bonifaz
The Abtei St. Bonifaz is a Benedictine Monastery located in the heart of Munich. Today, it rents out cells for those who wish to lead the life of a monk for a short time and perform charitable services.
The Abtei St. Bonifaz was established by King Ludwig I with a view to reinstate the spiritual life of the country that was destroyed by secularization. It was built between 1835 and 1850 in Byzantine style. The tomb of King Ludwig I is located in the church. The building was damaged by the World War II and partially restored after the war. Today, the monks look after the homeless and also offer education services. The Abbey is a member of the Bavarian Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation.
The Abtei St. Bonifaz is managed by 12 Benedictine Monks. Lay people and clerics are welcome for meditation and living life in peace and quiet for a short term. Cells are rented by the day or week. Guests at the monastery live the life of the monks. They rise early, attend prayers, help with the housekeeping and gardening and interact with the monks. Traditional German meals are served by the monks to their guests along with a choice of soft drinks and beer.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Maximilian Dörrbecker
9) Bennokirche
Bennokirche is a Catholic church in Munich. It was built in the first half of the 19th century with donations from the Wittelsbach family. This Neo-Romanesque building features two tall towers on the outside and frescoes and drawings on the inside. The western façade has a five-storey, 64-meter high twin tower. Seven bells hang from the towers and the bell on the south tower is rung on special occasions.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Oliver Raupach