Ho Chi Minh City is the largest city in Vietnam. The city boasts a rich history and culture, which are depicted through its numerous museums and art galleries. This self-guided tour will lead you to some historically unique museums and art galleries, revealing the past and present of this great city and country:
1) Southern Women's Museum
The Southern Women’s Museum in Ho Chi Minh City is dedicated to the role played by the women of Vietnam in the defense of the nation and their contribution to its development. It also serves as a center for cultural and educational activities for women in the city.
The Southern Women’s Museum is housed in a building that was once the house of Nguyen Ngoc Loan. He was a Director General of Police of the Saigon Government. It became the Traditional House of Southern Women in 1984. A four story building was added and the complex was converted into a museum.
The Southern Women’s Museum consists of three floors and 10 display halls. One section displays the traditional clothing worn by women in South Vietnam. Another section has over a thousand photographs showing their contribution in times of war including active combat. This section also shows the struggle of women against the French colonial rule and the US occupation. Traditional tools used by rural Vietnamese women are also on display. There is a section with photographs documents and letters showing women of modern Vietnam serving as diplomats, politicians and administrators. The building has a meeting hall, a library and a movie theater, and visitors can purchase souvenirs from the museum gift shop.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Khương Việt Hà
2) War Crime Museum
The War Crimes Museum tells the story of the war between the North and American supported South Vietnam in graphic detail. Most of the exhibits relate to the American phase of the war.
The War Crimes Museum is housed in a series of warehouses, although a new museum building is currently under construction. When inaugurated in 1975, the museum was called The House for Displaying War Crimes of American Imperialism and the Puppet Government. It was later renamed the Museum of American War Crimes. The present name emerged in 1993 after the thaw in relations between Vietnam and the United States.
The War Crimes Museum has a large collection of photographs of the brutal massacres of innocent civilians during the Vietnam War. There are displays of the effects of chemical warfare on the people, including Agent Orange, chemical defoliant sprays and the lethal Napalm and phosphorous bombs. Photographs of other atrocities committed, such as the Mai Lai massacres, and demonstrations against the war around the world, including in the US, are on display. Visitors can view Tiger Cages used by the South Vietnamese government to house political prisoners and a guillotine used to execute their political opponents. One section is devoted to captured US weaponry and ammunition. The museum has hosted over six million Vietnamese and international visitors from the date of its inauguration.
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3) Zen Art Gallery
Zen Art Gallery displays the best contemporary works of art in all of Vietnam. Opened in 1999, its aim is to inspire "spontaneous interactions between art and you." Zen Gallery's collections include internationally famous works, with some of the pictures done in oil and traditional lacquer. You will find works by such artists as Dao MinhTri, Le KinhTai, Le Ngoc Linh, and many others.
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4) Museum of Arts
The Museum of Arts in Ho Chi Minh City, also called the Fine Arts Museum, is a gallery dedicated to contemporary Vietnamese and international Art. Vietnam’s Ministry of Culture has designated it as a First Class National Museum.
The Museum of Art was inaugurated on the 5th of September 1987 by the People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh City. The building that houses the museum is a grand yellow and white colonial mansion. It used to belong to a wealthy Chinese businessman called Mr. Hoa, who owned the Majestic Hotel and the Tu Du Hospital during the colonial era.
Displays in the museum of art are arranged in three floors. The first two floors house a collection of paintings by contemporary Vietnamese and international artists. The artists featured include Trinh Cung, Do Quang Em, Diep Minh Chao and Nguyen Gia Tri. The third floor is a repository of art created between the 7th and early 20th centuries. Works from the Cham and Oc Eo periods of Vietnamese history are on display here. The museum also has a collection of traditional artworks from different regions of the country including gilded red lacquer artifacts, ceramic pottery and wooden objects with mother of pearl inlays. New and established artists are featured here, providing visitors with an insight into the evolving art scene of Vietnam.
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5) Ho Chi Minh City Museum
The Ho Chi Minh City Museum is dedicated to the struggles of the people of the city against the French and Americans and to the ancient culture of the city. It is housed in a colonial mansion that served as the Palace of the Governor of Cochin China during French rule.
The Ho Chi Minh City Museum is located in an old mansion that bears witness to the history of the city from colonial times. It was built between 1885 and 1890 and designed by the French architect, Alfred Foulhoux. During the Japanese occupation of the city during World War II, it served as the residence of General, Yoshida Minoda. It was also a temporary residence of the Vietnamese King Bao Dai.
The Ho Chi Minh City Museum was established in 1975 after the fall of Saigon. The main exhibits relate to the achievements and victories of the communist party of Vietnam including the defeat of the French and later the Americans and American supported South Vietnam. There are also Buddhist relics, objects from archeological excavations around the city and traditional Vietnamese wedding ceremony artifacts. Notable exhibits are two wooden river boats that were used in the 13th century. There is a beautiful and calm garden outside the building which is a popular site for wedding photographs.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia and Cheong Kok Chun
6) Ton Duc Thang Museum
This Museum is dedicated to the life and times of the first president of unified Vietnam Ton Duc Thang. It is located near the Ba Son Shipyard where he once worked as a mechanic.
The Ton Duc Thang Museum was inaugurated on August 20th 1988 to commemorate his centennial birth anniversary. It is located in the former home of Tran Thien Kiem, who was the premier of the former government of South Vietnam. Ton Duc Thang was the first Vietnamese recipient of the Lenin peace Prize. The museum has a collection of over 600 photographs, documents and memorabilia relating to his achievements.
The Ton Duc Than Museum has a small collection displayed in 9 sections. Displays include photographs and exhibits from his childhood, his hometown and school and his struggle for Vietnamese independence and unification. The Con Son Pearl Exhibition Room has documents and photographs relating to the Con Dao prison where he spent 15 years during the freedom struggle. His contribution to the Bolshevik revolution and to the unification of the country is portrayed in the other rooms of the museum. The museum is frequented by visitors interested in the political history of the country and the significant role played by Ton Duc Than in unifying and modernizing Vietnam.
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7) Vietnam History Museum
The Vietnam History Museum is a repository of objects dating from prehistoric times to the formation of the communist party in 1930. The building housing the museum is a unique pagoda like structure designed in Neo Vietnamese style during the colonial era.
The Vietnamese History museum was constructed in 1929. At the time, it was called the Blanchard de la Brosse Museum. Between 1929 and 1956, the museum displayed objects from all parts of French Indochina. It was renamed, Saigon National Museum between 1956 and 1975 and got its present name after the unification of the country in 1975.
The Vietnamese History Museum is divided into two parts. The first part consists of halls with exhibits from each period in Vietnam’s history. Exhibits in these halls are dedicated to the pre historic period, the reign of King Hung, the Ly dynasty, the Tran Dynasty, the Le Dynasty, the Tay Son and the Nguyen Dynasty. The second part is dedicated to the cultures of Southern Vietnam like the Oc Eo culture, the cultures of the Mekong River, Cham art, ceramics and pottery, ancient weaponry and the crafts, costumes, utensils and of ethnic minority groups in the country. There is also a small theater within the museum where traditional Vietnamese water puppet shows are held.
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