The French Revolution had a huge impact on France's history as it gave rise to a radical democratic republic and resulted in violence during the Reign of Terror. A lot of Paris' buildings were damaged beyond repair in the course of the Revolution. The sites they occupied are of a great historical value now. This guide is to highlight the landmarks of the French Revolution that remain.
1) La Bastille
La Bastilla was a famous historical fort in Paris. After French Revolution, the fort was destroyed completely. A square known as Place de la Bastilla was thus built to commemorate the events of Revolution of 1830 and to celebrate the victory.
Many concerts and other events take place in the square. The North Eastern area of Bastille is full of activity at night due to various bars, cafes, nightclubs, and concert halls. Due to its historical importance, the square is a home of many political demonstrations including the massive anti-CPE demonstration of March 28, 2006.
Special paving stones have been used to mark the original outline of the fort on the pavement of streets and sidewalks that pass over its former location. A cafe and some other businesses are established in the former location of the fort. Other notable features include the Bastille Opera, the Bastille subway station and a section of the Canal Saint Martin.
A fountain in the shape of an elephant was created there. This 24 meter high fountain was removed in 1847. The only monument still standing on the square is the Colonne de Juillet, a column commemorating another revolution in 1830 during which king Charles X was replaced by king Louis-Philippe. The 52 meter high column (171 ft) honors the 504 victims during the 3 days of the revolution. The column is topped by the 'Spirit of Liberty' statue.
A modern and democratic opera building known as Bastille Opera was opened on July 14, 1989. By far the largest opera building, its auditorium has seating capacity of 2700 people. It contrasts strikingly with its environment and is the best design by Carlos Ott selected from 750 entries in a competition held for the presentation of best design.
On your tour to Paris, do not forget to visit this historical square and enjoy food of one of its cafes.
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2) Place du Châtelet
The Place du Châtelet is a public square in Paris, on the right bank of the river Seine. It lies at the north end of the Pont au Change, a bridge that connects the Île de la Cité, near the Palais de Justice and the Conciergerie, to the right bank. The name "Châtelet" refers to the stronghold, the Grand Châtelet, that guarded the northern end of the Pont au Change, containing the offices of the prévôt de Paris and a number of prisons, until it was demolished in 1802-10. At the square's center is La Fontaine du Palmier (Palm Tree Fountain), constructed in 1806 to 1808 by François-Jean Bralle (1750-1832) to celebrate French victories in battle. The palm trunk is surmounted by a gilded figure of the goddess, Victory, holding a laurel wreath in each upraised hand; the goddess figure stands on a base ornamented with bas-relief eagles.
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3) Pavillon de Flore
The Pavillon de Flore is a section of the Palais du Louvre in Paris, France. Its construction began in 1595, during the reign of Henry IV, and has had numerous renovations since. During the French Revolution, the Pavillon de Flore, situated at the southwest corner of the Palais des Tuileries at the time, was renamed Pavillon de l'Égalité (House of Equality). Under its new name, it became the meeting point for several of the Committees of the period. Many other committees of the Revolutionary Government occupied the Palais des Tuileries (referred to by contemporaries as the Palace of the Nation) during the time of the National Convention. Notable occupiers included the Monetary Committee, the Account and Liquidation Examination Committee. However, the most famous was the Committee of Public Safety.
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4) Tuileries Gardens
The Tuileries Garden is a public garden located between the Louvre Museum and the Place de la Concorde in Paris. On October 6, 1789, as the French Revolution began, King Louis XVI was brought against his will to the Tuileries Palace. The garden was closed to the public except in the afternoon. Queen Marie Antoinette and the Dauphin were given a part of the garden for her private use, first at the west end of the Promenade Bord d'eaux, then at the edge of the Place Lous XV. After the King's failed attempt to escape France, the surveillance of the family was increased. The royal family was allowed to promenade in the park on the evening of September 18, 1791, during the festival organized to celebrate the new French Constitution, when the alleys of the park were illuminated with pyramids and rows of lanterns. The garden was also used for revolutionary holidays and festivals.
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5) Place de la Concorde
The Place de la Concorde is one of the major public squares in Paris, France. During the French Revolution the statue of Louis XV of France was torn down and the area renamed "Place de la Révolution". The new revolutionary government erected the guillotine in the square, and the first notable to be executed at the Place de la Révolution was king Louis XVI, on January 21, 1793. Other important figures guillotined on the site, often in front of cheering crowds, were Queen Marie Antoinette, Princess Élisabeth of France, Charlotte Corday, Madame du Barry, Georges Danton, Camille Desmoulins, Antoine Lavoisier, Maximilien Robespierre, Louis de Saint-Just and Olympe de Gouge. The guillotine was most active during the "Reign of Terror", in the summer of 1794, when in a single month more than 1,300 people were executed. A year later, when the revolution was taking a more moderate course, the guillotine was removed from the square.
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6) Assemblée Nationale
Assemblée Nationale is the French parliament's lower house. Originally it was known as the Palais Bourbon or Bourbon Palace. This monumental building was started constructing in 1722 under the supervision of the Italian architect Giardini after plans by Giardini and Hardouin Mansart. After his death in 1924 “Jacques Gabriel” took the charge and completed the palace in 1728. The name of this palace refers to the Royal Bourbon family, who were ousted by the republicans during the French Revolution.
The Palais Bourbon was renovated and enlarged in 1765. In 1768 the adjoining Hôtel de Lassay was also included in it. It was confiscated during the French Revolution and declared a national property. During that time, the National Assembly which existed from June 17 to July 9, 1789, was a transitional body between the Estates General and the National Constituent Assembly.
Napoleon added the colonnaded front between 1804 and 1807 as he wanted the building to mirror the Madeleine temple situated at the other side of the Seine river. Since 1830 the Palais Bourbon is the seat of the Assemblée Nationale. If you want to visit this building, you have to make reservations in advance.
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7) Les Invalides
Les Invalides, officially known as L'Hôtel national des Invalides, is a group of buildings in Paris containing museums and monuments relating to the military history of France. It was originally built to provide a hospital and a retirement home for aged and unwell war veterans. The complex had fifteen courtyards, the largest being the cour d’honneur ("court of honor") for military parades. It was completed in 1676 and housed up to 4,000 war veterans. Some very important war heroes of France including Napoleon Bonaparte are buried here.
A chapel, known as Église Saint-Louis des Invalides was built here in 1679 for the veterans. Libéral Bruant, the architect of the Hôtel des Invalides, designed the church and Jules Hardouin Mansart constructed the building.
After the completion of veteran’s chapel, Mansart was asked by Louis XIV to build a detached personal royal chapel which should be centrally located to show its supremacy. The most striking feature of the chapel is a 107 high meter dome inspired by the architecture of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. The interior of the dome, painted with a Baroque, gives illusion of space seen from below. It took 27 years to complete and is a stunning example of French Baroque architecture.
The Hôtel des Invalides is now home to three museums:
The Musee de l’Armee, a large military museum that depicts military history from the early Middle Ages to the second World War. It features weapons, uniforms, maps, etc. not only from the western world but also from countries like Turkey, China, Japan and India.
The Musée des Plans-Reliefs or Relief maps museum that displays detailed scale models of French fortresses and fortified cities dated back to the 17th century.
The Musée de l'ordre de la Libération that features the liberation of France during the Second World War.
It is worth visiting Les Invalides but you need more than a day to appreciate its full glory.
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