Basel Münster (Basel Minster), Basel (must see)

Rising above the Rhine with its red sandstone walls, colorful tiled roof and twin towers, Basel Minster is one of the city’s most recognizable landmarks. Its history stretches back more than a thousand years, while archaeological remains beneath the cathedral reveal that its prominent hilltop site was already occupied during the Celtic period.

An early cathedral was built here in the 9th century under Bishop Haito but was destroyed during an attack in 917. A more substantial cathedral was consecrated in 1019 in the presence of Emperor Henry II, whose association with the church earned it the historical nickname Henry’s Minster. The building was enlarged and transformed over the following centuries, incorporating both Romanesque and Gothic elements.

The skyline is dominated by two towers: Saint George’s Tower, completed in the 15th century, and Saint Martin’s Tower, finished in 1500. Visitors can climb more than 200 steps for spectacular views across Basel and the Rhine.

The Minster also witnessed important religious events. In 1440, Felix V was elected antipope here during a period of division within the Catholic Church. During the Reformation of 1529, however, Basel embraced Protestantism, and many religious images inside the cathedral were destroyed.

Before entering, admire the richly decorated exterior. The main façade preserves statues of Emperor Henry II and Empress Cunigunde. Facing the main entrance, look to the left of the doors to find them: Henry II holds a model of the church, while his wife carries a cross. Other surviving carvings depict biblical figures and medieval saints.

After admiring the main façade, walk around its northern end to reach the church’s north side. Once there, examine the intricate stone carvings and sculptural details of the Gallus Gate, an impressive Romanesque portal adorned with medieval sculptures.

Inside, look for the elegant arched vaulting, stained-glass windows and organ before exploring the crypt, choir and two peaceful cloisters. One particularly significant monument belongs to Erasmus of Rotterdam, the celebrated Renaissance humanist who died in Basel in 1536. Facing the altar, walk toward the left side of the nave and scan the walls for the tomb of Conrad Schaler, a former mayor of Basel. Directly across from it, mounted on a pillar, you’ll find the epitaph of Erasmus of Rotterdam.

Afterward, head behind the Minster to the Pfalz terrace, one of Basel’s finest viewpoints, offering sweeping views over the Rhine and Little Basel.