Neak Pean, Siem Reap

Neak Pean is home to an artificial island adorned with a Hindu temple. This temple sits on a circular island within the Jayatataka Baray and has a close historical connection to the Preah Khan temple. Preah Khan was built during the rule of King Jayavarman VII, a highly respected leader of the Khmer Empire.

Historically, Neak Pean held immense religious and symbolic significance. Some historians believe it may have represented Anavatapta, a mythical lake located in the Himalayas. According to legends, the waters of this mystical lake had the power to cure various illnesses. The name "Neak Pean" is derived from serpent sculptures, called Nāga, that encircle the temple's base. The term "neak" is the Khmer version of the Sanskrit word "naga." These serpent sculptures specifically represent Nanda and Upananda, two nagas traditionally linked to Lake Anavatapta.

Originally, Neak Pean was designed with medicinal purposes in mind. It served as one of the many hospitals established by King Jayavarman VII. The ancients believed that immersing oneself in the pools of Neak Pean could restore balance to the body's elements and, in turn, cure diseases. This concept was rooted in ancient Hindu beliefs centered around the idea of equilibrium.

In the surrounding lake of Neak Pean, there were originally four sculptures. However, today, only one statue remains, that of the horse Balaha. Balaha is a manifestation of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara and is depicted rescuing sailors from the ogresses of Tamradvipa. The temple on the island was initially dedicated to Avalokitesvara, and it is believed that the statue of Balaha represents how King Jayavarman VII wanted to be seen by his people.