Sassi di Matera (Stones of Matera Districts), Matera

The Sassi di Matera, or “Stones of Matera,” form the most iconic and historic districts of the city, carved into the limestone cliffs of southern Italy’s Basilicata region. These ancient cave dwellings, some dating back to the Paleolithic period, are considered among the earliest examples of human settlement in Italy. Over the centuries, the caves evolved from simple shelters into a complex urban environment, complete with homes, chapels, cisterns, and even underground streets. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993, the Sassi stand today as a striking example of how humans adapted architecture to the natural landscape.

The Sassi are divided into two main areas: Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano. Sasso Caveoso preserves the more traditional cave-dwelling structures, where visitors can see how families lived in rock-hewn houses until the mid-20th century. In contrast, Sasso Barisano developed into a district with more elaborate façades and palazzi built over the caves, reflecting centuries of social and architectural transformation. Both districts are interwoven with narrow stairways, winding alleys, and terraces that open to panoramic views of the Gravina canyon, creating a cityscape unlike any other in Europe.

Exploring the Sassi today offers a unique cultural experience. Many of the former cave homes have been restored and repurposed as museums, boutique hotels, artisan shops, and restaurants, allowing visitors to witness the balance between preservation and modern use. Walking through the labyrinthine streets, travelers encounter rock-hewn churches decorated with medieval frescoes, quiet courtyards, and striking viewpoints. The Sassi di Matera embody both history and resilience, offering an unforgettable journey into Italy’s ancient past while showcasing the city’s revival as a vibrant cultural destination.