Basilica of St. Mary, Krakow (must see)

Saint Mary's Basilica is one of the city’s most iconic landmarks, rising over the Main Market Square with its distinctive pair of uneven towers. Its history stretches back to the early 13th century, when the original church was built on the foundations of an even earlier Romanesque structure. After the Mongol invasion of 1241 left much of Kraków in ruins, the church was rebuilt in Gothic style, taking on its recognizable form. Over the following centuries, it became one of the most important religious and artistic centers in the city.

Once you find yourself in front of the church, you can clearly see that the left tower is the taller one. In terms of design, it is more intricate than the right one, and its helmet has sharper spires. As you step inside, you will notice the soaring vaulted ceiling painted a deep blue and dotted with gold stars, creating a cosmic effect that draws the eye upward. However, the church’s most celebrated treasure is the monumental wooden altarpiece carved by German sculptor Veit Stoss in the late 15th century. Even though it is visible as soon as you enter the church, its beauty is best admired up close. The famous altarpiece can be found under the chancel opening, which is marked by a huge cross. Considered one of the greatest Gothic sculptures in Europe, the altarpiece depicts scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary in extraordinary detail, with dozens of figures carved from linden wood and highlighted with bold colors and gold leaf.

Another highlight is the basilica’s stained-glass windows, including some of Poland’s finest examples of medieval and 19th-century glasswork. The most impressive windows can be observed behind and beside the Veit Stoss masterpiece. Moreover, richly decorated chapels line the nave, showcasing centuries of donations by wealthy patrons, guilds, and noble families.

Outside, the basilica’s taller tower reveals its more distinct function. From this tower, every hour, a trumpeter plays a brief melody that ends abruptly, commemorating a legendary trumpeter who was shot while warning the city of a Mongol attack. The live performance of this bugle call remains one of Kraków’s most beloved traditions. Don’t miss it.