Bundeshaus (Federal Palace), Bern (must see)

The Federal Palace is the political heart of Switzerland and one of Bern's most impressive landmarks. Standing above the Aare River at the western edge of the Old Town, it serves as the seat of both the Swiss Government and Parliament, housing the Federal Assembly, Switzerland's legislature, and the Federal Council, the country's executive. Stretching for more than 300 metres, the symmetrical complex consists of three interconnected buildings that symbolize Swiss democracy, unity, and cultural diversity.

Construction began after the creation of the modern Swiss federal state in 1848. The west wing, completed between 1852 and 1857, brought together the federal administration, government, and parliament under one roof. As the young federation expanded, the east wing got built from 1884 to 1892, before the completion of the magnificent central Parliament Building between 1894 and 1902. The restrained architecture of the two administrative wings contrasts with the richly decorated Neo-Renaissance central section, crowned by Bern's iconic copper-green dome.

Approaching from Federal Square, notice the grand portico and the façade built with stone from every region of Switzerland, emphasizing the country's federal character. Above the entrance, allegorical statues represent Political Independence, Executive Power, and Legislative Authority, while numerous cantonal coats of arms celebrate the Swiss Confederation. Inside, the entrance hall beneath the great dome features marble columns, mosaics, stained glass, sculptures, and symbolic artwork illustrating Swiss history and constitutional values. Make sure you look past the massive marble pillars to trace the 33-meter-high stained-glass dome.

Directly between the two grand staircases on the south wall of this same hall, you can find the "Three Confederates" group of statues, a white marble sculpture depicting the legendary Swiss founding fathers taking their historic oath.

Ultimately, the National Council Chamber, the Council of States Chamber and monumental staircase are also among the highlights of the guided tour. The former is the largest of these meeting halls and it is accessed by ascending the grand staircase to the first floor. Tall wooden doors on the south side bring you inside the chamber, where you can stand before the sprawling, 12-meter-wide fresco painting titled 'The Cradle of the Confederation' that spans the main wall above the speaker's desk.

The west wing houses the Federal Chancellery, the Parliamentary Library, and several federal departments, while additional government departments occupy the east wing.