Gwanghwamun Gate, Seoul

Gwanghwamun Gate is the grand southern entrance to Gyeongbokgung Palace and the most imposing of its four main gates, boasting three arched openings beneath the gatehouse. During the Joseon Dynasty, the central passage was reserved for the king, while the crown prince and royal officials used the openings on either side.

Now, look up at the massive stone base supporting the colorful, two-story wooden pavilion. A bell once housed in the gatehouse was used to announce the time of day. To either side of the gate, you can also spot stone Haetae, or Haechi, mythical guardian creatures traditionally associated with justice and protection from fire and evil spirits.

The original palace and its main southern gate were built in 1395, during the reign of King Taejo, founder of the Joseon Dynasty. The name Gwanghwamun was adopted during the reign of King Sejong. Like much of Gyeongbokgung Palace, however, the gate has endured repeated destruction and reconstruction.

It was destroyed during the Japanese invasions of 1592 and remained in ruins until the palace was rebuilt in the 19th century. During the Japanese colonial period, the gate was moved from its original position. Its wooden pavilion was later destroyed during the Korean War, and a concrete reconstruction was erected in 1968.

A major restoration began in 2006, returning the gate to its historic alignment and rebuilding it in granite and wood. The restored Gwanghwamun opened in 2010. More recently, the ceremonial platform, or Woldae, extending outward from the gate was also restored.

If you have time, watch one of the palace’s colorful Royal Guard Changing Ceremonies, held at Heungnyemun Gate just inside the palace grounds. The main ceremonies currently take place at 10 AM and 2 PM, except on Tuesdays. Separate guard ceremonies can also be seen around Gwanghwamun Gate.

Before moving on, turn around and look south along Gwanghwamun Square. The broad plaza contains fountains, monuments, and statues, including the prominent statue of King Sejong the Great. Beneath the square, visitors can explore an exhibition space devoted to his life and achievements.