Halifax Citadel National Historic Site, Halifax (must see)

Halifax Citadel National Historic Site was fortified in 1749. The Citadel was meant to defend Halifax Harbor and the Royal Navy Dockyard. Four citadels have been built on Citadel Hill. The first came in 1749. It was a small redoubt with a flagstaff and guardhouse near the summit. By 1761, its condition had deteriorated.

The second citadel was completed in 1776. It was a permanent fortification that could accommodate 100 troops. However, poor construction caused the second citadel to fall into ruins in less than 10 years. The third citadel was completed in 1796. It was larger than the previous two due to the oversight of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. This citadel lasted slightly longer than the others, but by 1825 it had fallen into disrepair.

The fourth and final citadel was built between 1828 and 1856. This massive masonry fort was designed to repel attacks by United States forces from either land or water. It was a star-shaped hilltop citadel with an internal courtyard and a clear harbor view from its fortified ramparts.

However, the Halifax Citadel quickly became obsolete following the introduction of more powerful rifled guns in the 1860s. By the end of the 19th century, the role of the Citadel in the defense of Halifax Harbor had evolved, as it was used as a command center for other, more distant harbor defenses. It also provided barrack accommodations.

After World War II, the fort began to decay, but it was restored and opened as a living history museum and historic site in 1956. Visitors can tour the Halifax Citadel throughout the year. They can expect different programs at the historic site depending on the time of year they arrive. From spring to fall, re-enactors are on the grounds of the Citadel, portraying tradespeople, civilians, and military personnel from the late 19th century.

In the fall, through Halloween, ghost tours are held at the fort. A Victorian Christmas celebration takes place every winter, with crafts, games, and Christmas carols.