Kalyan Minaret, Bukhara (must see)

The Kalyan minaret is a minaret of the Po-i-Kalyan mosque complex in Bukhara, Uzbekistan and one of the most prominent landmarks in the city. The minaret, designed by Bako, was built by the Qarakhanid ruler Arslan Khan in 1127 to summon Muslims to prayer five times a day. An earlier tower collapsed before completion.

It is made in the form of a circular-pillar baked brick tower, narrowing upwards. It is 45.6 metres high, of 9 metres diameter at the bottom and 6 metres overhead. The body of the minaret is topped by a rotunda with 16 arched fenestrations, from which the muezzins summoned the Muslims in the city to prayer. There is a brick spiral staircase that twists up inside around the pillar to the rotunda. Once the minaret was believed to have had another round section above the rotunda, but now only the cone-shaped top remains. The tower base has narrow ornamental strings belted across it made of bricks which are placed in both straight or diagonal fashion. The frieze is covered with a blue glaze with inscriptions. It is also known as the Tower of Death, because until as recently as the early twentieth century criminals were executed by being thrown from the top.