Wawel Cathedral, Krakow (must see)

Wawel Cathedral in Kraków carries nearly a millennium of Polish history under its roof.

The earliest sacred building on the hill where the cathedral stands dates back to around the year 1000, when the local bishopric was established. That first church was replaced in the 12th century by a Romanesque basilica, consecrated in 1142. After that structure was destroyed by fire in 1305, a new cathedral was built — the building whose core survives today. Construction of the present Gothic-style nave and chancel began in the early 14th century and the church was consecrated in 1364.

Over the centuries, successive rulers and church dignitaries added chapels, tombs, and artistic touches. This gradual layering resulted in a rich mix of architectural styles: you’ll see Gothic foundations alongside Renaissance and Baroque chapels, Renaissance-era domes and neoclassical details reflecting later modifications. As soon as the cathedral enters your view, you will notice the varied exterior. There is a golden dome, a black dome, a traditional brick tower and two other brick towers topped by jade-green helmets.

Wawel Cathedral offers many points of interest. Among the highlights is Sigismund's Chapel — a Renaissance masterpiece sometimes hailed as “the most beautiful example of Tuscan Renaissance architecture north of the Alps.” Once you step inside the cathedral, the chapel can be reached by turning right into the south aisle. After passing a series of chapels marked by plaques, you will notice a wooden-like fence with a door at its center. That is the entrance to Sigismund's Chapel. Inside, ornate sculptures and the royal tombs of Sigismund I and his son Sigismund II Augustus reflect the wealth and power of the era when Poland was a leading European kingdom. From outside, Sigismund's Chapel is located under the aforementioned golden dome.

It is recommended that you also visit the crypts and tombs beneath the cathedral as this is where many of Poland’s kings, national heroes, and cultural icons rest.

Another compelling attraction of the cathedral is the Sigismund Bell — one of Poland’s most famous bells. It can be reached by turning left from the main altar and then right. A black crucifix is placed on the left wall and to its left there is a door which is the entrance to the bell tower. The massive bell is found at the top of the tower. Cast in the 16th century, its deep toll has echoed across generations and the bell remains an important symbol of national history.