Zwinger (Palatial Complex), Dresden (must see)

The Zwinger is one of Germany’s most impressive Baroque complexes and one of Dresden’s essential sights. Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, commissioned it after being inspired by Louis XIV’s Versailles. Designed by architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann and sculptor Balthasar Permoser, the complex was built between 1710 and 1728 as an orangery, garden, and spectacular setting for royal festivities.

The name Zwinger refers to the area between defensive walls. Dresden had an earlier Zwinger garden in the 15th century, where fresh produce was grown for the royal court. Although the present complex stands elsewhere, it retained the historic name.

The Zwinger was primarily a venue for royal entertainment. Its ornate portals, galleries, sculptures, and fountains were designed to impress, with Permoser’s magnificent Nymph’s Bath being one of the highlights. To find it, approach the complex’s Marble Hall at the northern end. Pass through the building, and you’ll be ready to enjoy the view of Nymph’s Bath.

Look for the Atlas sculpture crowning the western pavilion and the 40 porcelain bells of the carillon, which play every 15 minutes. The melodies change with the seasons and include works by Vivaldi, Mozart, Bach, Wagner, and Weber.

The complex hosted one of Dresden’s grandest celebrations in 1719, when Augustus the Strong’s son, Friedrich August, married Maria Josepha, daughter of the Habsburg emperor Joseph I. The courtyard garden and pond were added in the 1820s, while the gallery wing housing the Old Masters Picture Gallery was completed in 1855.

For tourists, the Zwinger offers much more than its architecture. Its museums include the Old Masters Picture Gallery, the Porcelain Collection, and the Mathematical and Physical Instruments Collection. The gardens and courtyard are also open to the public and are ideal for a leisurely stroll.

For the final highlight, kill two birds with one stone and get closer to the Crown Gate. Located on the complex’s southwestern wall, the ornate gate allows you to climb up to the roof-level terrace gallery for an elevated view across the entire courtyard.

The Zwinger was heavily damaged during the 1945 bombing of Dresden and reconstructed during the 1950s. Following a comprehensive four-year restoration, the inner courtyard was completely reopened to the public. Today, its combination of Baroque architecture, sculpture, beautiful gardens, and world-class museums makes it one of Dresden’s most rewarding attractions.