A spot at the end of the Champs Elysées Avenue was always considered fit to accommodate some sort of a landmark monument. However, it wasn't until 1806 that Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte finally decreed that a triumphal arch, dedicated to the glory of his army, should be placed there. Napoleon's architectural projects made clear his desire to identify his regime with the glory of Imperial Rome, and this particular design was inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus.

The measure of Napoleon's audacious ambitions can be seen in the sheer size of the Triumphal Arch: a colossal 45 meters wide by 50 meters high, making it almost certainly the biggest triumphal arch in the world. Nowadays, the presence of The Great Arch of the Defense on the western horizon of Paris makes it hard to appreciate the Triumphal Arch's original impact on the cityscape. Back then, it was the most prominent and massive object for miles around – the hegemony retained until the construction of the Eiffel Tower in the 1880s.

Inevitably, the arch quickly became an object of national pride and subsequently the world-famous symbol of French patriotism. Built in the era when war was undoubtedly the "overriding argument of kings", the arch was intended primarily for triumphal entrances into Paris by victorious French troops. Napoleon himself had a chance to pass beneath its mock-up replica only once, in 1810, together with his bride Marie-Louise, the Archduchess of Austria. The other Napoleon – Napoleon III – was more fortunate in this respect, and was able to ride underneath the completed Arch of Triumph upon his ascending to the throne in 1852.

As for the proper victory march, the Triumphal Arch saw it for the first time only in 1919. The aftermath of World War I, however, shifted the French public interest away from war, and, since 1921, the arch has been solely the place of commemoration of the fallen soldiers. It has the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the Flame of Remembrance.

Tip:
The roundabout encircling the Triumphal Arch is referred to by Parisians as "the Star" for the 12 avenues emanating from it. Climbing the stairs to the top of the arch, you will see the star-shaped pattern of the radiating streets and enjoy a panoramic view of the Champs-Élysées leading towards Concorde Square and the Louvre Museum in the distance.

For four decades, La Maison du Chocolat has been unfurling the splendor of chocolate, its team of 35 fervent chocolatiers impassioned by their esteemed chef creator, the distinguished Meilleur Ouvrier de France, Nicolas Cloiseau. Merging the distinctive qualities of the choicest cocoa beans and exceptional natural ingredients, they unveil to discerning chocolate lovers and gourmands alike the intricacies of the world's foremost "crus" in an orchestra of potent flavors and sensations.

Among their prodigious specialties are the "friandises", which serve as the consummate complement to a cup of coffee, a meal, or a respite to stave off mid-day hunger pangs. These delicately crafted morsels bring together an array of distinct flavors, from the bittersweet notes of dark chocolate to the creamy richness of milk chocolate, paired harmoniously with the sweetness of praline and the tanginess of fruits, entwined into delectable blends.

La Maison du Chocolat also proffers an array of savory and exclusive pastries, best savored with a cup of coffee or as a delectable indulgence during a special occasion.

By far the most popular avenue in France, Champs-Élysées is a household name and has been described as the "most beautiful avenue in the whole world". Stretching for about two kilometers from Concorde Square to Charles de Gaulle Square, this major thoroughfare boasts exuberant shopping, luxurious dining, and world-class entertainment, not to mention some of the top photographic panoramas of the French capital.

Once a farmland, the area was made into a promenade in 1667, when it was designed as an extension of the Tuileries Garden. Originally called the "Grand Promenade," this wide boulevard lined with elm trees adopted its current name in 1709. The name “Champs-Élysées” is the French for the Elysian Fields, the resting place for dead heroes and blessed souls in Greek mythology.

Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, the avenue saw significant expansions and renovations, becoming increasingly fashionable, flanked by noble properties such as the Élysée Palace, currently serving as the official residence of the Presidents of France. The Triumphal Arch, commissioned by Napoleon and finished in the 1830s, added grandeur to the area. During Napoleon III’s reign, it was redesigned in an English garden style, introducing winding paths and chestnut trees, while the Universal Expositions of 1855 and 1900 further transformed it, giving rise to the Grand and Small Palaces, now housing a bunch of art galleries.

Throughout French history, the avenue also has been a symbolic site of military parades celebrating victories like that in the First World War, in 1919, and the liberation of Paris in 1944. Once a year, it also sees the finish of the annual Tour de France cycling race.

As a staple destination for foodies, the avenue offers a choice of gourmet eateries fit to spoil even the most discerning gluttons. Among the places particularly noteworthy are: bistro Atelier Renault; Flora Danica – the Danish brasserie, renowned for its caviar; Fouquet's restaurant – aged over 100 years; the famous Ladurée tea room; as well as L'Alsace Bistro specializing, just as the name suggests, in the Alsace regional cuisine and open 24 hours a day.

Those craving entertainment will find it here, too, in rich supply. Cinema Gaumont, France's #1 screen for movie premiers; the world-famous cabaret Lido; the bar and club Montecristo; Le Queen nightclub with some of the top DJs in town, plus the Marigny Theatre are just some of the local entertainment options to consider.

Whatever the season, day or night, Champs-Élysées never fails to impress. And if you come around Christmas, you'll be in for a special treat!

Equally grand from whatever angle you look at it, whether just walking past or watching it from a distance, day or night, the Eiffel Tower lives up to its iconic status easily. The wrought-iron lattice structure on the Field of Mars in Paris was designed by engineer Gustave Eiffel and built between 1887 and 1889. Known locally as the "Iron Lady," it was the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair, celebrating the centennial of the French Revolution.

Illuminated by gas lamps at night, the tower was a major attraction from the very beginning, although not to everyone's taste. Before its construction even started, a group of prominent French artists and intellectuals, including writer Guy de Maupassant, condemned the tower as a "monstrous" and "useless" structure that would overshadow Paris' landmarks. By 1918, however, it had become an iconic symbol of Paris – and France – and since then has been one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world.

Standing at 330 meters (or 1,083 feet), the Eiffel Tower is the tallest structure in Paris. It has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second. The top level, at 276 meters (or 906 feet), offers the highest public observation deck in the European Union. Visitors can ascend via stairs or lift, with 600 steps required to reach the second level. The third level, typically accessed by lift, features a private apartment once used by Gustave Eiffel, where he hosted honorable guests like Thomas Edison.

In recognition of their contribution to the construction, the tower is engraved with the names of 72 French scientists, engineers, and mathematicians.

Unlike other high risers, the Eiffel Tower is there for visitors only. In Paris, where tall buildings are still in short supply, the bird's eye view from the top of the tower is truly unique and indeed breathtaking. In 2022, the tower welcomed nearly six million visitors, becoming the most visited paid monument globally.

The Eiffel Tower is painted in three shades: darker at the bottom, getting progressively lighter towards the top to complement the Parisian sky. Originally reddish brown, it changed the color to bronze, known as "Eiffel Tower Brown," in 1968. In what is expected to be a temporary change, the Eiffel Tower was painted gold in commemoration of the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

Tip:
Remember to bring along some warm clothes, because it can get much colder up there, especially when it's windy.
During the day, if it's hot, bring an umbrella, too, to get some shade, and lots of water.

Rue Cler, nestled in the 7th administrative district of Paris, stands out as one of the city's finest market streets, cherished for its vibrant blend of cafés, bakeries, and specialty shops. This pedestrian-friendly area, paved with original cobblestones, offers an authentic slice of Parisian life where locals frequent to procure gourmet delights and relish moments at café terraces.

The street owes its name to Jean Joseph Gustave Cler, a French Brigadier General who perished in the Battle of Magenta in 1859.

Architecturally, it features remarkable buildings such as the late 18th-century corner house at No. 1, a chapel at No. 5, and former residences of prominent figures like President of the Republic, Emmanuel Macron, at No. 15.

The street is abundant with specialty food stores, pastry shops, butchers, delicatessens, cheese specialists, fishmongers, greengrocers, and chocolatiers, creating a bustling atmosphere perfect for culinary exploration. On Sundays, Rue Cler springs to life even more vibrantly as families, post-mass at the nearby Saint Pierre of the Big Rock Church, gather their essentials for traditional lunches, carefully selecting items like bread, wine, and cheeses, ensuring their Camembert and Saint Felicien are at perfect ripeness.

Key establishments enhance Rue Cler's allure. For instance, Mariage Frères offers exquisite teas since 1854, and the Brasserie Aux PTT provides a quintessentially French dining experience. Also noteworthy are Davoli, known for its Italian delicacies and the best Choucroute in Paris, and La Sablaise Poissonnerie, a premier fish merchant renowned for its fresh daily catch.

For those with a sweet tooth, the street boasts renowned chocolatiers and patisseries. The François Pralus establishment, with its whimsical chocolate eclair bench, delights both children and adults, while Amorino's Italian gelato and New Asia's takeout add international flavors. At the same time, the Café du Marché and Tribeca café offer ideal spots for people-watching and savoring daily specials.

Rue Cler not only serves as a shopping haven but also a cultural touchstone reflecting the everyday lifestyle of Parisians. This street offers a unique opportunity to dive deep into the heart of Parisian gastronomy and tradition, perfect for anyone wanting to experience the authentic pulse of Paris.

One of the world's most renowned art museums, the Orsay is housed in a former railway station, showcasing an exceptional collection of artworks primarily from the 19th and early 20th centuries – from Impressionist and Post-Impressionist to opulent Art Nouveau pieces.

With its prime location on the Left Bank of the Seine River, the Orsay also offers breathtaking panoramic views of Paris, including stunning vistas of famous landmarks such as the Louvre Museum, Notre-Dame Cathedral, and the Eiffel Tower from its upper floors.

The museum building itself is an architectural marvel, blending historic charm with modern elements. Originally built as the Gare d'Orsay in the late 19th century, the station was transformed into a museum in 1986. Its grandeur and unique layout provide an ideal setting for the remarkable artworks on display.

The permanent collection features an extensive array of masterpieces by celebrated artists, such as Vincent van Gogh's "Starry Night Over the Rhône", Édouard Manet's "Olympia", Pierre-Auguste Renoir's "Bal du moulin de la Galette", and Paul Cézanne's "Apples and Oranges". These, along with countless others, offer an immersive journey through the revolutionary movements that shaped the art world during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

In addition to its renowned painting collection, the museum also boasts an impressive assortment of sculptures, decorative arts, and photography. Visitors can appreciate the exquisite craftsmanship of Art Nouveau furniture, delicate sculptures by Auguste Rodin, and the innovative photographic works of pioneers such as Eugène Atget.

Beyond the artistic treasures, the Musée d'Orsay offers a variety of amenities to enhance the experience, from the several cafes and restaurants to the museum shop, which provides an opportunity to bring home a piece of art through a wide selection of books, prints, and unique souvenirs.

Whether you are an art enthusiast, a history lover, or simply seeking an enriching cultural experience, a visit to the Orsay is essential.

Why You Should Visit:
For a smaller, more intimate venue and beautiful artwork by the masters, this is the perfect destination!
Not only houses paintings and sculpture but also displays decorative furnishings that would have only graced a palace!

Tip:
The secret pleasure here is the gorgeous 5th-floor restaurant under the huge clock and with one of the best views of Paris. Excellent value for money.

The Louvre Museum, or simply the Louvre, is perhaps the most famous art museum in the world. Originally built as a fortress in the late 12th century, under King Philip II, it later transitioned into a royal residence under King Francis I, in 1546. The Louvre’s current palace structure developed through multiple expansions, although it ceased being a royal residence in 1682 when Louis XIV moved his household to Versailles.

In 1692, the Louvre became home to the Academy of Inscriptions and Fine Writing and the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, which held public exhibitions, or “salons,” marking its early transformation into a public cultural space. During the French Revolution, it was formally established as a museum by the National Assembly, with an initial exhibition of 537 works, mostly from royal and church collections. Following its brief closure due to structural concerns, the Louvre reopened and rapidly expanded its collection under Napoleon Bonaparte, who renamed it Napoleon Museum. Though many seized artworks had to be returned after Napoleon's fall, subsequent monarchs continued to add to the collection, and acquisitions continued through donations and bequests during the Third Republic (between 1870 and 1940).

Today, the Louvre’s collection comprises approximately 500,000 objects housed in over 72,000 square meters of space, with 35,000 pieces displayed at any given time. Divided into eight departments-ranging from Egyptian and Near Eastern Antiquities to Paintings and Islamic Art-the museum showcases everything from sculptures and ornamental works of art to paintings and archaeological artifacts from around the globe. Key masterpieces here include the "Venus de Milo," the "Winged Victory of Samothrace," "The Raft of the Medusa," and, famously, Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa." For many, the chance to see the Mona Lisa is the main reason for visiting.

Beyond the high-profile pieces, the Louvre's lesser-visited Sully and Richelieu wings reveal the full extent of its treasures. The Richelieu wing is particularly celebrated for its elegant design, glass-covered courtyards, and grand architecture. Its centerpiece is the Napoleon III apartments, adorned with immense chandeliers, red velvet, intricate moldings, and lavish gilded decor-a testament to the opulence that impresses all who enter.

With almost 9 million visitors in 2023, the Louvre remains the most-visited museum globally, surpassing even the Vatican Museums. For those planning to visit, advance ticket purchases are essential, and using the quieter Lions Gate helps ease entry. For a more serene experience, Friday afternoons, when the museum stays open late, are ideal. Once inside, a map is crucial for navigating the expansive galleries, allowing visitors to prioritize the exhibits that resonate most.

The Seine is known as "the only river in the world that runs between two bookshelves", as evidenced by the large green boxes set along the river banks, hitched tight to the sidewalk walls. These bookstalls have contributed to the romantic image of bohemian Paris since the 16th century; remarkably though, their owners, the "bouquinistes", obtained official recognition themselves only in the 1970s.

For the most part, the contemporary Paris bouquinistes sell posters, stamps, maps, magnets, and whatever else the tourists might love. According to some, they have the best deals on souvenirs in Paris. However, their true specialty lies in books, which include high-quality French prints and more. Unless you are limited by luggage space, you can purchase a few books, both new and used, at reasonable prices. In fact, you can find all of the classic French literature here for just a few euros.

Regulated by municipal authorities, the bouquinistes are generally open from around 11 AM until sunset, although their hours may vary depending on the weather. During snowstorms or heavy rain, they are unlikely to work at all. However, on sunny days, the bouquinistes eagerly display their merchandise and welcome passersby to stop by, browse, and perhaps even engage in a friendly chat.

The Holy Chapel on the City Island in Paris is a stunning 13th-century example of Rayonnant Gothic architecture. Commissioned by King Louis IX who led the 7th and 8th Crusades to the Holy Land, it was designed as a grand reliquary to house sacred relics, such as the Crown of Thorns purportedly worn by Jesus himself, which Louis acquired in Constantinople.

This two-story chapel has an upper level with remarkable stained-glass windows, reserved for the royal family, while its lower level, adorned with floral designs, served palace courtiers and staff. The Holy Chapel was once part of the medieval City Palace, the former residence of French kings until the 14th century, alongside the neighboring Conciergerie, which later became a prison.

The chapel faced considerable damage over the centuries, particularly during the French Revolution when its sculptures were destroyed, royal emblems defaced, and interiors looted. By the 19th century, extensive restoration efforts were undertaken to revive its medieval charm. Skilled craftsmanship was applied to restore the chapel, making it a blend of medieval and 19th-century artistry. Miraculously, around two-thirds of the original stained glass survived, creating a captivating effect, especially when sunlight illuminates the intricate biblical scenes depicted in the windows.

Architecturally, the Holy Chapel is distinguished by its simplicity and harmony. Unlike many Gothic churches, it lacks flying buttresses, relying instead on deep buttresses and metal supports for stability. A rose window on the west front, added in the 15th century, features scenes of the Apocalypse, while a cedarwood spire captures the essence of Gothic style. The chapel was intended to symbolize Jerusalem, a vision of paradise for the saved at the Last Judgment.

Today, Holy Chapel remains a marvel of medieval design and an enduring symbol of King Louis IX’s devotion and legacy.

Shakespeare and Company, an English-language bookstore in Paris, offers an excellent choice of new, second-hand, and antiquarian books of various genres and periods. Whether you want to stock up on study materials, seek the latest titles from the British press, or perhaps search for some hidden literary treasures, this place has everything you need. And there are plenty of cozy nooks and crannies where you can take a break and just read or peruse books.

The shop was opened in 1951 by American George Whitman under the name "Le Mistral." It was renamed in 1964 in tribute to the original Shakespeare and Company bookstore and William Shakespeare's 400th birthday. This name change cemented the store's connection to its legendary predecessor, which opened in 1919 by Sylvia Beach and welcomed famous writers such as Ernest Hemingway, James Baldwin, and James Joyce. Sylvia famously defied the system by publishing Joyce's "Ulysses" in 1922, but her store closed down in 1941.

After the war, Whitman took up the mantle, celebrating literary giants. The new Shakespeare and Company has been a cultural hub ever since, attracting authors like Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs, and James Baldwin, who found here not just a place to obtain books but a vibrant community. Described by its founder as a "socialist utopia masquerading as a bookstore," this place has the tradition of hosting aspiring writers-referred to as "Tumbleweeds"-who stay in beds among the bookshelves for free in exchange for helping around the store, committing to reading daily, and writing a single-page autobiography for the store’s archives.

After George Whitman's passing, his daughter Sylvia took over in 2003, continuing the bookstore's legacy of literary fervor and community spirit. Despite facing significant challenges, including an 80% drop in sales in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the store has maintained its role as a literary sanctuary under Sylvia’s stewardship. The store’s motto, "Be Not Inhospitable to Strangers Lest They Be Angels in Disguise," perfectly captures its ethos of openness and hospitality. Since its inception, the store has welcomed over 30,000 guests.

Shakespeare and Company also made its mark in publishing, launching significant literary journals such as Merlin, which first published Samuel Beckett in English. The store's influence extends into popular culture too, featuring in films like Richard Linklater's "Before Sunset," Nora Ephron's "Julie & Julia," and Woody Allen's "Midnight in Paris."

While the Eiffel Tower is an instantly recognizable symbol of France, the Notre-Dame Cathedral is an unmistakable symbol of Paris. Notre-Dame de Paris, or "Our Lady of Paris," is a medieval Catholic church renowned for its French Gothic appearance. Among other features, this cathedral showcases period architectural innovations such as the rib vault and flying buttress, as well as large rose windows and rich sculptural decoration. Notre-Dame’s architectural and historical significance is underscored by its vast pipe organs, iconic bells, and its role in hosting significant ceremonies like Napoleon’s coronation, the celebration of the Liberation of Paris in 1944, and the funerals of presidents Charles de Gaulle and François Mitterrand.

Before Notre-Dame, a temple to Jupiter and later a cathedral dedicated to Saint Étienne occupied the site. Construction of Notre-Dame began in 1163 and concluded in 1260, incorporating architectural advancements in four major stages, with additions in the 13th century enhancing stability and light. At the time of its construction, it was the most ambitious cathedral project ever undertaken in France, its vaults rising over 33 meters and holding a national height record for several decades.

In 1431, Notre-Dame saw the coronation of King Henry VI, and during the French Revolution, suffered vandalism when it was repurposed as a warehouse. In the 19th century, Victor Hugo’s novel, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, spurred its restoration, largely preserving Notre-Dame’s legacy.

Amid the Second World War, upon the Fall of France, there were fears that the German invaders might destroy the freshly renovated stained glass of the rose window. As a result, the lion's portion of it was hidden and re-installed only after the war.

In 2019, a fire severely damaged the cathedral's oak roof and spire. Firefighters saved much of the building, including the world's biggest 13th-century glass window and other artifacts and relics which were temporarily removed for safety. Though many decorations have been removed over time, the cathedral retains Gothic, Baroque, and 19th-century sculptures, altarpieces, and revered relics, including the Crown of Thorns and fragments from the True Cross.

As a symbol of Paris and France, Notre-Dame is renowned for its traditional Lent sermons since the 1830s and attracts annually around 12 million visitors.