Arcibasilica di San Giovanni in Laterano (Archbasilica of Saint John in the Lateran), Rome

Saint John's, not Saint Peter's, holds the distinction of being highest-ranking basilica in the world. Founded in 324, it is the oldest public church in the city of Rome, and the oldest basilica of the Western world.

Emperor Constantine commissioned the construction of this grand structure, predating the establishment of Saint Peter's, making it the primary ecclesiastical seat of the Pope. Throughout its history, the edifice has faced challenges such as vandalism, earthquakes, and fires, leading to extensive restorations in the 16th and 17th centuries. Notably, the interior was artfully designed by the renowned Baroque genius Borromini. Standing tall on the impressive facade are colossal statues representing the Twelve Apostles, Christ, John the Baptist, and the Virgin Mary.

While much of the structure has undergone restoration, fragments from earlier periods remain. Adorning the left portico is an ancient statue of Constantine, while the central portal has ancient bronze doors transferred from the Curia in the Roman Forum. Inside, the altar boasts a magnificent Gothic tabernacle, dating back to 1367, which is believed to house the revered heads of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. A captivating sight awaits in the last chapel of the left aisle, where a cloister adorned with 12th-century cosmatesque mosaics can be admired.

Just around the corner, Emperor Constantine's octagonal baptistery stands as one of Rome's oldest Christian structures. Despite multiple restorations, a 17th-century redecoration, and even a car bombing in 1993 associated with the Mafia, this baptistery has preserved its ancient form.

Tip: Don't miss the opportunity to visit the cloister behind the archbasilica. Although there is a small fee, it grants you access to a collection of authentic antiquities dating back to pre-Roman times, as well as a selection of intriguing Catholic relics.