Chor-Bakr, Bukhara

Chor-Bakr, located in Kalaya near Bukhara, Uzbekistan, is a significant memorial complex that epitomizes historical and spiritual heritage. It was established over the burial site of Abu-Bakr-Said, who passed away in 970-971 AD, and was one of the descendants of Muhammad, collectively known as the Chor-Bakr, or "the four Abu-Bakrs."

The architectural complex emerged during the leadership of Muhammad Shaybani, an influential Uzbek ruler, marking the final resting place of both Abu Bakr Said and his son, Abu Bakr Ahmad. By the 16th century, Chor-Bakr had become a pivotal site for ceremonies and prayers, attracting visitors and devotees extensively. Despite its declining prominence in the 19th century and a period of proscription during the Soviet era, the end of Soviet rule saw a revival of its status as a crucial pilgrimage site for Muslims in Uzbekistan. Today, it is deemed an essential stop for Uzbek Muslims preparing for the Hajj to Mecca, alongside the Shahi Zinda.

The complex spans approximately 3 hectares, incorporating both a memorial site and an ancient cemetery. It consists of 25 structures, including a mosque, a lodging place for Sufi mystics, a veranda with small rooms, a gateway, a minaret, and 20 additional smaller features like courtyards and burial sites with dome coverings and standalone portals.

The aesthetics of Chor-Bakr are particularly remarkable, characterized by its lavish use of polychromatic tiles. The courtyards above the burial places feature marble gravestones adorned with epigraphic inscriptions, and rich vegetative and geometrical ornaments, adding to the site’s historical and artistic value.

On 18 January 2008, Chor-Bakr was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List under the Cultural category, underscoring its global cultural significance and preserving its legacy for future generations.