Hauptplatz (Main Square), Graz (must see)

The Main Square has been the heart of Graz since around 1160, when it was laid out by Duke Otakar III. For centuries, this broad market square served as the city's commercial, social, and political center, drawing merchants, travelers, and locals.

The square's distinctive trapezoidal shape reflects its medieval origins. It is surrounded by historic buildings dating from the medieval and late Gothic periods, although many façades were later remodeled in the Baroque and Biedermeier styles. Among the notable buildings are the White House, built in 1710; the Eagle Pharmacy, dating from 1535; and the Citizens' Home to the Great Christoph, which dates from the 17th century.

However, the architectural highlight is undoubtedly Luegg House, a 15th-century building famous for its richly decorated stucco façade and elegant arcades. To make sure you do not miss this masterpiece, stand at the busy northern corner of the square, where the house's façade wraps around the corner and continues onto Spur Street. The stucco façade is covered in deep, flowing floral scrollwork, leaves, and cleverly hidden human faces. Trace the heavy plaster fruit and flower garlands framing the windows, where, if you look closely, you will spot mouths, noses, and expressive faces emerging from the stone foliage.

Dominating the northern half of the square since 1878 is the Archduke Johann Fountain. The landmark stands just clear of the central tram tracks, so simply walk toward the base of the fountain. The monument honors Archduke Johann of Austria, one of Styria's most beloved historical figures. Around the central statue stand four female figures representing the region's principal rivers: the Mur, Enns, Drava, and Sann. Allegorical bronze reliefs decorate the pedestal, while fountain basins occupy the four corners.

Not all of the square's history was pleasant. Until the late 18th century, it served as a venue for public punishments, including pillorying and executions. Commoners were often punished in full view of the crowd here, while nobles were typically executed inside the Town Hall. Speaking of which, its main portal is the final highlight. Look directly across the southern edge of the square to locate the Town Hall's grand, palatial entrance, which frames the building's deeply arched front doors. This late 19th-century Historicist entrance is flanked by classical stone columns and ornate balconies, reflecting the architectural ambition of Graz's golden age.