Het Steen (Steen Castle), Antwerp

Steen Castle is one of the oldest surviving buildings in the city and a key landmark along the Scheldt River. Its origins date back to the early 13th century, when it was constructed between 1200 and 1225 as part of Antwerp’s first stone fortifications, replacing earlier wooden defenses. Originally serving as a gateway to a larger castle complex belonging to the Dukes of Brabant—now largely lost—it controlled access to the Scheldt, a vital economic and strategic waterway.

Over time, the castle underwent several transformations. In the early 16th century, under Emperor Charles V, it was expanded. While it retained its medieval character, with thick stone walls and a compact, fortress-like form, its function evolved from a defensive stronghold to a prison, operating as such from 1303 to 1827. It later housed administrative institutions, including the Aldermen’s House and court of justice.

Much of the original fortress was demolished in the 19th century to allow for urban development, leaving only part of the structure visible today. The building went on to serve as a museum, first focused on shipping and later on archaeology.

Visitors will also notice cultural details around the entrance, including a bas-relief of Semini, a figure associated with fertility, and the nearby statue of Lange Wapper, a folkloric giant. Today, the castle functions as a visitor centre, offering insight into Antwerp’s past and its long-standing connection to the river.