Napier of Magdala Battery, Gibraltar

The Napier of Magdala Battery houses one of only two surviving Armstrong 100‑Ton rifled muzzle-loading guns in the world. Erected by the British between 1878 and 1884 at a cost of around £35,700, the battery was named after Field Marshal Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala, who governed Gibraltar from 1876 to 1883.

The battery’s star attraction-nicknamed “The Rockbuster”-is a massive 17.72‑inch barrel Armstrong 100‑Ton RML gun capable of firing projectiles up to eight miles, though more realistic estimates place its range around 6,500 yards. Remarkable in scale, the gun required a crew of about 35 men, was loaded using a steam-powered hydraulic system, and utilized innovative silk cartridges to minimize residue-an engineering marvel of its time.

The battery’s strategic position allowed it to guard the entry to the Royal Naval Dockyard and commercial harbour at Rosia Bay-a vital stronghold during the age of sail and steam. During World War II, the site even hosted anti-aircraft defenses, emphasizing its lasting military relevance. In more recent times, the gun was fired with a ceremonial charge in 2002 during the Calpe Conference between Gibraltar and Malta. The Gibraltar Heritage Trust now maintains the site for public access and preservation.

For visitors today, Napier of Magdala Battery presents a rare opportunity to stand beside one of history’s largest muzzle-loading guns-a tangible symbol of Gibraltar’s defensive might. The battery offers sweeping views over Rosia Bay and the wider bay, making it perfect for history buffs and photographers alike. A modest interpretation centre was inaugurated in 1994 to enrich the visitor experience with context and storytelling.