Palazzo Pubblico (Public Palace), Siena (must see)

The Public Palace is one of Siena’s greatest architectural symbols and a masterpiece of medieval civic design. Commissioned by the Council of Nine and completed in the early 14th century, it served as the headquarters of the Republic of Siena during the city’s golden age. The nine governors were selected by lot, lived inside the palace to avoid outside influence, and served for only two months before being replaced. The building also accommodated the Grand Council, an assembly of around 500 members.

Standing on the lower side of Campo Square, the palace has a gently curving façade designed to follow the shape of the plaza. Its lower level is faced with pale stone, while the upper floors are built from warm red brick. Look closely at the distinctive triforate windows, divided into three arches supported by slender columns, and the black-and-white balzana, Siena’s civic coat of arms. At the center of the façade is a bronze Christogram installed in 1425 in honor of Saint Bernardino, whose preaching helped ease social tensions in the city.

Attached to the palace is the Mangia Tower, constructed between 1338 and 1348. Rising approximately 102 meters, it was deliberately built to rival the height of Siena Cathedral, symbolizing the equal importance of civic and religious authority.

Enter through the internal courtyard, decorated with the coats of arms of families associated with Siena’s government. From here, you can access the Civic Museum and its celebrated frescoes.