Oceanographic Museum, Monte-Carlo (must see)

The Oceanographic Museum opened in 1910 and is one of the oldest marine science museums in the world. Commissioned by Prince Albert I, a pioneer of oceanography, the building features Baroque Revival architecture and sits prominently on a cliff overlooking the Mediterranean. The museum’s foundations extend over 80 metres straight down the cliff, making it appear almost anchored into the rock.

A frieze on the façade includes the names of twenty research vessels linked to the prince’s expeditions. For over 30 years, the museum was directed by famed explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau, who helped expand its research reputation and modernise its aquariums.

Inside, exhibitions highlight a wide range of marine life, including starfish, cuttlefish, crabs, sea urchins, corals, and tropical fish. Display cases also feature items made from shells, pearls, and other ocean materials. Visitors can view historical nautical instruments, ship models, and even sea creature skeletons, offering insight into centuries of marine exploration.

One popular section is a reconstruction of the first research laboratory installed on one of Prince Albert’s oceanographic yachts. The museum also hosts temporary and permanent art installations, with past works by artists such as Damien Hirst and Philippe Pasqua, reflecting the connection between art and marine science.

A major highlight is the large aquarium, home to more than 4,000 fish species and displays representing Mediterranean and tropical ecosystems. The Shark Lagoon and coral reef tanks are especially popular with visitors of all ages. The rooftop terrace offers panoramic views of Monaco and the sea, along with outdoor exhibits such as turtle habitats during seasonal programs.