Panama Canal, Panama City (must see)

The Panama Canal, located in Panama City, is a marvel of modern engineering and a pivotal artery in global maritime trade. This artificial 82 kilometers (51 miles) waterway connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean, traversing the Isthmus of Panama. Its creation stands as one of the most formidable and complex engineering feats ever achieved, providing a vital shortcut that allows ships to bypass the perilous journey around the southernmost tip of South America via Cape Horn or the less frequented routes through the Arctic.

Originally opened on August 15, 1914, after a transfer of efforts from French to American hands, the canal significantly reduced the journey time for maritime vessels between the two oceans. France initiated construction in 1881 but faced overwhelming challenges including engineering difficulties and high worker mortality, leading to the cessation of their efforts. The United States took over the project in 1904 and managed to complete the canal, continuing to control the surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties facilitated a gradual handover to Panama. Full control was passed to the Panamanian government in 1999, and today, the canal is operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority.

The canal features a series of locks that elevate ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake created to minimize excavation work, lifting vessels 26 meters (85 feet) above sea level. The original locks are 32.5 meters (110 feet) wide. To accommodate larger neo-Panamax ships, which can carry more cargo, a third, wider lane of locks was added, and began commercial operations on June 26, 2016. This expansion allows for the transit of significantly larger vessels than before.

Recognizing its significance and impact, the American Society of Civil Engineers has named the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world. The canal not only serves as a critical conduit for international maritime trade but also stands as a testament to human ingenuity and determination to overcome natural barriers.