Inwangsan Mountain and Wall, Seoul

Inwangsan Mountain and the adjacent section of the Seoul City Wall offer visitors a memorable blend of natural beauty, history, and panoramic views in the heart of the city. Rising to roughly 338 m, the mountain is known for its granite outcrops, such as Gichabawi- “train rock”, Chimabawi- “skirt rock”, and Seonbawi- “monk rock”, that have captivated artists and hikers alike for centuries. The mountain’s terrain is accessible even for casual hikers seeking a city escape.

Most of the hiking trail runs alongside a well-preserved stretch of the 18.6 km Seoul City Wall, originally constructed in the late 14th century to protect Hanyang- old Seoul, during the Joseon era. The Inwangsan section was part of an upgraded fortification effort in later periods and now offers uninterrupted views toward Bugaksan, Namsan, and beyond. Public access was restricted for decades after a 1968 security breach, but the trail reopened in 1993.

Along the route you'll encounter Guksadang, a significant shamanist shrine used historically for spiritual ceremonies and exorcisms. From the summit ridge and highest vantage points, you’ll enjoy sweeping vistas of modern Seoul, including Gyeongbokgung palace, Cheongwadae- Blue House, and the forested ridges descending into the city below.

In traditional Korean geomancy, Inwangsan serves as a protective guardian of Gyeongbokgung Palace, positioned to the west as the symbolic “White Tiger.” It forms part of the Joseon capital’s ideal mountain arrangement, complementing the “Black Tortoise” to the north, “Blue Dragon” to the east, and “Red Bird” to the south-each representing one of the four cardinal guardians in feng shui.