Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Minsk (must see)

The Museum of the Great Patriotic War stands as one of Belarus’s most significant memorial institutions, dedicated to the country’s experience and resilience during World War II. Originally opened in 1944, while the war was still raging, it was the first museum in the world to commemorate the Soviet struggle against Nazi Germany. The current complex, inaugurated in 2014 on Victory Avenue, was built to mark the 70th anniversary of Belarus’s liberation. Its bold, modern design—with sharp metallic spires and vast glass panels—symbolizes both the suffering and triumph of the Belarusian people.

Inside, the museum houses over 140,000 exhibits that trace the war’s impact on Belarus, where more than a quarter of the population perished. The collection includes weapons, uniforms, personal letters, and propaganda posters, as well as reconstructed wartime scenes that immerse visitors in the experience of occupation and resistance. A major highlight is the Hall of Victory, featuring an immense dome decorated with golden mosaics and patriotic emblems.

The museum’s layout guides visitors through the war chronologically—from the invasion of 1941 to the final victory in 1945. Multimedia installations and original footage help tell the story of partisans, civilians, and soldiers who contributed to Belarus’s liberation. Each gallery reflects not only the destruction but also the human spirit that endured amid immense loss.

Outside, the complex extends into Victory Park and features the iconic Obelisk of Victory, offering a panoramic view of Minsk. Together, the museum and memorial grounds form a poignant reminder of sacrifice and courage, ensuring that the memory of the Great Patriotic War remains a living part of Belarusian identity.