National History Museum, Rio de Janeiro

The National Historical Museum of Brazil houses an extensive collection of more than 287,000 items, including the largest collection of Latin American coins and currency. The museum's building complex has a rich history, with its origins dating back to 1603 when it was constructed as the Saint James of Mercy Fort. Earlier structures on the site can be traced back to 1567, having been commissioned by King Sebastian I of Portugal.

The National Historical Museum was officially established in August 1922 and commenced its operations in October as part of the Centennial Exhibition. Initially, it occupied two dedicated rooms within the Casa do Trem, which served as an Ammunition Depot. Today, the museum complex spans an area of 20,000 square meters and showcases its vast collection through more than 25 permanent and temporary exhibits. The museum's library alone boasts an impressive collection of over 57,000 titles, some dating back to the 15th century, in addition to 50,000 documents and photographs.

Over its 75-year history, the museum has amassed a significant collection under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture, evolving into a crucial cultural center. It gradually expanded its presence to encompass the entire architectural complex of Calaboose Point, where the Santiago Fort once stood.

The museum's initial collection was enriched by contributions from private collectors, including Bahian senator Miguel Calmon de Pin e Almeida, the Guinle family, and museologist Sophia Jobin. Another noteworthy acquisition came in the early years of the museum when President Getúlio Vargas purchased a collection of ivory religious sculptures from businessman and collector Souza Lima through a special arrangement facilitated by the Caixa Econômica Federal in 1940.

Why You Should Visit:
To get a very comprehensive overview of the country's rich culture from colonial to modern times. Spacious, well-lit building with clean restrooms and interesting exhibits in every room.
There is also a small but adequate gift shop, plus a very above-average cafe that completes the experience with a good/affordable set menu plus drinks in a lovely setting.

Tip:
Combine your visit with the Colombo Bakery, Paço Imperial, Cinelândia and other central locations.
An audio guide is offered next to the ticket desk but entirely not necessary if you can read English.