Palazzina U.S.L. (U.S.L. Building), Lucca

The U.S.L. Building (Palazzina U.S.L.) is a notable example of Italian Rationalist architecture from the Fascist era, located on Agostino Marti Street (Via A. Marti) in Lucca. Built in 1934 as the headquarters of the Institute of Social Hygiene, it was designed to accommodate the needs of the Provincial Anti-Tuberculosis Consortium. Known among locals as "the red building" due to its distinctive red plastered exterior, it remains one of the most interesting Rationalist constructions in the Lucca area.

The structure is characterized by a composition of simple geometric volumes-parallelepipeds and cylinders-centering around a main body. Its most striking feature is the circular stairwell, which protrudes on the south-facing facade, punctuated by large windows. The building spans two floors above ground, with an additional basement level, and features a flat, accessible terrace roof. The terraces are bordered by simple railings and lack a final flooring layer, exposing the waterproofing material.

The interior is structured around a corridor system dividing each floor, with the main staircase serving as a vertical connection. The stairwell is emphasized architecturally with a curved, glass-block floor section at the entrance, allowing natural light to filter into the room below. The windows, varying in size, contribute to the building’s distinct 1930s aesthetic.

Originally built for public health initiatives, the Palazzina U.S.L. has preserved its layout and function with minimal maintenance changes. Now an Adult Mental Health Center, it remains a key Rationalist landmark in Lucca, blending history with ongoing healthcare service.