Pénitents Gris d'Avignon (Gray Penitents of Avignon), Avignon

The Chapel of the Gray Penitents of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon is a historic gem nestled in the Gard department, known for its architectural evolution over centuries and its deep-rooted religious significance. Listed as a historic monument in 1934, the chapel stands at the site of the Holy Cross Oratory, famously visited by Louis VIII, and reflects a rich history dating back to 1475. Over time, these prayers transitioned to devotions to Our Lady of Deliverance, particularly for women in childbirth, following the French Revolution.

Built in 1758 by Jean-Baptiste Franque, the chapel integrates various rooms from different periods, showcasing an architectural timeline. It includes a long reception vestibule with a paneled ceiling from 1631, a hexagonal room from the late 16th century, and the Vignerons chapel from the 18th century dedicated to another brotherhood. The main nave, known as “the miracle,” was rebuilt between 1816 and 1818 and serves as the central space for services. Notable for its stained glass windows from the 19th century, the nave depicts significant scenes like the king's procession and the miracle of the waters.

The chapel also features a nave with five bays, flanked by four chapels topped with galleries, two to the north and two to the south. Its design, typical of the Frankish architectural style, includes flat vaults with double-groined vaults and mosaic ceilings, highlighted by a distinguished gallery.

Situated at the back of the courtyard of the former cardinal's palace, known as the Boulogne Palace (Palais de Boulogne), the Chapel of the Gray Penitents stands as a testament to the region's layered history and the enduring legacy of its religious communities.