Banos del Alcazar Califal (Caliphal Baths), Cordoba

The ancient Caliphal Baths, also known as the Hammam Alcazar, date back to the 10th century and were originally built during the reign of the Caliph Al-Hakam II, which ruled over much of Spain during the medieval period. The Hammam Alcazar is considered one of the best-preserved examples of Islamic bathhouses in Spain and stands as a testament to the engineering and architectural skills of the Moors.

The Caliphal Baths served as an important social and cultural center in Cordoba, providing a place for people to relax, socialize, and practice personal hygiene. The bathhouse was also an architectural masterpiece, featuring intricate designs and decorations that reflected the artistic and engineering skills of the Moors.

The bathhouse is divided into three main sections: the cold room (bayt al-barid), the warm room (bayt al-warm), and the hot room (bayt al-sajun). The cold room, which is the entrance to the bathhouse, features a large dome with star-shaped skylights that allow natural light to filter in. The room is decorated with ornate arches and columns, as well as intricate tilework and plasterwork. The warm room is designed to prepare the body for the hotter temperatures in the hot room. It features a central pool surrounded by columns and arches, as well as more intricate tilework and plasterwork.

The hot room, which is the centerpiece of the bathhouse, is designed to induce perspiration and cleanse the body. It features a large dome with small circular openings that allow steam to escape. The room is heated by an underground furnace that heats the floor and walls, creating a warm and humid environment.

The Caliphal Baths were in use for several centuries, and underwent several renovations and additions during that time. However, by the 14th century, the bathhouse had fallen into disuse and disrepair, and was eventually abandoned.

In the 20th century, the Caliphal Baths were rediscovered during an archaeological excavation, and extensive restoration work was carried out to bring the bathhouse back to its former glory. Today, the Hammam Alcazar is open to the public, and visitors can explore the various rooms and pools that make up the bathhouse, including the hot, warm, and cold rooms, as well as the dressing rooms and relaxation areas. The Hammam Alcazar is a popular tourist attraction and cultural experience, providing visitors with a glimpse into the daily life and customs of the Moors who once inhabited Cordoba.