Botanical Garden, Funchal (must see)

The Madeira Botanical Garden opened to the public in 1960 and covers about eight hectares on a steep hillside. Around five hectares are arranged as landscaped gardens, containing approximately 3,000 plant species from different parts of the world. Its elevated position provides broad views over the surrounding hills and toward the Atlantic, while terraces and paths follow the natural contours of the terrain.

The collections are organised according to plant type, geographic origin and practical use. Visitors can see native and endemic Madeiran flora alongside an arboretum, palms, cycads, succulents and tropical plants. Other sections are dedicated to aromatic, medicinal and agro-industrial species, showing how plants have been used for food, health, agriculture and traditional practices. This organisation also helps visitors compare species from different climates and botanical families.

One of the garden’s most recognisable features is its geometric planting beds, where plants with contrasting colours and textures form large decorative patterns. Sculpted topiary, ponds, flowering borders and shaded paths add visual variety throughout the grounds. Formal displays are combined with specialised botanical collections, creating a balance between ornamental gardening and scientific presentation. Seasonal flowering plants also change the appearance of several areas during the year.

The garden has an important role in botanical research, education and conservation. Its herbarium preserves thousands of dried specimens used to document the flora of Madeira and neighbouring islands, while conservation programmes support rare and threatened species. Visitors can explore the Natural History Museum and botanical zones, though steep paths and steps may limit access.