Plac Zamkowy (Castle Square), Warsaw (must see)

Castle Square is one of Warsaw’s main gathering places and the natural starting point for exploring the Old Town. This roughly triangular square took on its present open form in the early 19th century, although the buildings and monuments around it reflect several much older periods of the city’s history.

As you enter the square, look straight ahead for the tall stone column topped by a bronze figure holding a sword and cross. This is Sigismund’s Column, the square’s easiest landmark to identify. Erected in 1644, it honors King Sigismund III Vasa, who transferred the royal court from Kraków to Warsaw. The monument is considered one of Europe’s earliest modern secular columns and remains a popular meeting point for both residents and visitors.

Now, turn toward the large red-brick building occupying the eastern side of the square. This is the Royal Castle, recognizable by its broad façade, rows of evenly spaced windows, and central clock tower. Once the official residence of Polish monarchs, the castle was almost completely destroyed during the Second World War and later carefully reconstructed. Visitors can explore its restored royal apartments, ceremonial halls, artworks, and historical exhibitions.

With the castle behind you, look across the opposite side of the square at the narrow historic townhouses. Their colorful façades, decorative details, cafés, and restaurants help create the lively atmosphere for which Castle Square is known. Street performers and musicians often gather around the column, while horse-drawn carriages may be waiting near the edges of the square.

To enter the Old Town, face away from the Royal Castle and follow the narrow street leading north beside the townhouses. This route soon brings you toward the Old Town Market Square. For a wider view, walk to the eastern edge of Castle Square, where the ground drops toward the Vistula River and the major roadway passing through the tunnel below.

Castle Square also marks the northern end of Warsaw’s historic Royal Route. To follow it, stand with the Royal Castle behind you and continue south along Krakowskie Przedmieście, which is the most prestigious street in Warsaw, marking the northern section of the historic Royal Route. This elegant avenue leads past churches, palaces, monuments, and the Presidential Palace before continuing toward Łazienki Park and, farther south, toward Wilanów Palace.