Square Tower, Portsmouth

The Square Tower is one of the most enduring symbols of the city’s medieval maritime defences. Built in 1494 during the reign of Henry VII, it originally stood as a fortress to protect Portsmouth Harbour and served as the residence of the Governor of Portsmouth. Its thick stone walls and strategic location reflect its importance in shielding the city from sea-borne threats.

Over the centuries, the Tower has transformed to meet evolving military needs. In 1584, it was converted into a gunpowder magazine, storing up to 1,200 barrels by the time of the English Civil War - an asset that nearly led to its destruction during the Siege of Portsmouth. Later, it became a Royal Navy meat store from 1779 until 1850, and in the early 19th century it briefly housed a semaphore signalling station atop its roof, linking Portsmouth’s defences to London before the electric telegraph rendered it obsolete.

In the modern era, the Tower has found new life as an events venue. Acquired by Portsmouth City Council in the late 1950s, it now hosts weddings, community markets, tea rooms, and performances against its historic backdrop. Outdoors, the adjacent ramparts and sally ports-once used to transport gunpowder barrels-offer great vantage points for harbour views and photo opportunities.