Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daula, Agra (must see)

The Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daula is a marble mausoleum built in the early 17th century for Mirza Ghiyas Beg, a high-ranking official in the Mughal court, and his wife, Nur Jahan’s mother. Often regarded as a precursor to later Mughal architecture, including the Taj Mahal, the tomb is set within a rectangular garden that follows the charbagh layout. Water channels and pathways divide the garden into four quadrants, creating a sense of symmetry and order around the central structure.

The tomb is constructed primarily from white marble and features intricate inlay work with semi-precious stones. Unlike earlier Mughal tombs built mainly of red sandstone, this structure emphasizes detailed decoration and delicate geometric and floral patterns. The walls are covered with pietra dura designs, while lattice screens and carved panels add texture and visual interest. The central chamber contains the cenotaphs of Mirza Ghiyas Beg and his wife, while the actual graves are located in a lower chamber, in keeping with Mughal burial tradition.

Visitors walking through the complex can observe the balance between architectural design and landscaping. The garden provides open spaces, shaded areas, and water features that enhance the overall experience of the tomb.

The layout allows for clear sightlines to the central structure from multiple angles, highlighting the tomb’s proportions and craftsmanship. Small pavilions around the garden provide resting points and additional viewing perspectives for those exploring the grounds.

The Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daula demonstrates a shift in Mughal architecture toward more decorative marble work and detailed artistry. Its combination of ornamental design and functional garden space offers insight into the artistic and cultural priorities of the Mughal period. Visitors can explore the grounds at a relaxed pace, taking in both the elaborate details of the tomb and the carefully planned garden surrounding it.