Valley of the Kings, Luxor

The Valley of the Kings, situated to the west of the Nile River in Upper Egypt, served as the primary burial ground for the pharaohs of the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties during the period of 1539–1075 BCE. This valley, nestled within the vicinity of the ancient city of Thebes, boasts 62 known tombs, each exhibiting unique architectural designs and decorative elements. It was chosen by the rulers of the New Kingdom era due to concerns about safeguarding their elaborate burial chambers from potential looters.

Hidden within the secluded hills behind Dayr al-Baḥrī, these tombs were meticulously constructed deep within the mountainside. The burial chambers, containing not only the pharaohs themselves but also queens, high-ranking officials, and even the sons of Ramses II, were designed with elaborate security features to deter theft. The layout of the tombs typically includes a descending corridor, strategically interrupted by shafts and pillared chambers, leading to the burial chamber where the royal mummy rested in a stone sarcophagus.

In recognition of its historical significance, the Valley of the Kings was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1979, forming part of the broader ancient Thebes complex alongside Luxor, the Valley of the Queens, and Karnak.