The Citadel of Qaitbay is a 15th century defensive fortress located on the Mediterranean sea coast, built upon/from the ruins of the Lighthouse of Alexandria. It was established in 1477 AD by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay. The Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is considered one of the most important defensive strongholds, not only in Egypt, but also along the Mediterranean Sea coast. It was erected on the exact site of the famous Lighthouse of Alexandria, which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It formulated an important part of the fortification system of Alexandria in the 15th century AD.

The British fleet bombarded Alexandria violently on 11 July 1882 and damaged a large part of the city, especially in the area of the Citadel. This attack cracked the fortress, causing great damage. The north and western facades were severely damaged as a result of cannon explosions, aimed directly at the structure. The western facade was completely destroyed, leaving large gaps in it. Unfortunately, the Citadel then remained neglected, until 1904 when the Ministry of Defence restored the Upper floors. After the revolution of 1952 the Egyptian Naval troops turned the building to a Maritime Museum. The biggest restoration work dates back to 1984, when the Egyptian Antiquities Organization made ambitious plans to restore the fort.

One of the most significant and marvelous mosques in the city of Alexandria, Abu El Abbas El Mursi, was built in 1775 by Algerians. The mosque was constructed over the tomb of Murcia Andalusanal-Abbas Saint. Abu el-Abbas el-Mursi Mosque is 23 meters high and has a wonderful minaret. It is located on the beautiful Mosque Square that overlooks the Eastern Harbour. The mosque can be seen clearly from the sea.

The Alexandria Naval Unknown Soldier Memorial, located in the Manshaya district on the Corniche, honors unknown soldiers who died in sea battles. It was constructed during the rule of Muhammed Ali of Egypt. Alexandria served as the primary naval base for his son Ibrahim Pasha's expedition to Greece during the Greek War of Independence, culminating in the Battle of Navarino. Originally built by Italian residents of Alexandria as a memorial to Khedive Ismail, its purpose was altered after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 to commemorate fallen naval personnel.

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is a major library and cultural center located on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is both a commemoration of the Library of Alexandria that was lost in antiquity, and an attempt to rekindle something of the brilliance that this earlier center of study and erudition represented. The idea of reviving the old library dates back to 1974, when a committee set up by Alexandria University selected a plot of land for its new library, between the campus and the seafront, close to where the ancient library once stood.

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is trilingual, containing books in Arabic, English and French. In 2010, the library received a generous donation of 500,000 books from the National Library of France which makes it the sixth-largest Francophone library in the world. The main reading room stands beneath a 32-meter-high glass-paneled roof, tilted out toward the sea like a sundial, and measuring some 160 m in diameter. The walls are of gray Aswan granite, carved with characters from 120 different human scripts. The dimensions of the project are vast: the library has shelf space for eight million books, with the main reading room covering 70,000 sq.m. (750,000 sq ft) on eleven cascading levels. The complex also houses a conference center; specialized libraries for maps, multimedia, the blind and visually impaired, young people, and for children; four museums; four art galleries for temporary exhibitions; 15 permanent exhibitions; a planetarium; and a manuscript restoration laboratory. The library's architecture is equally striking.

Constructed over Stanley Bay, Stanley Bridge is a magnificent landmark that must be seen. It was built as an extension of Corniche with a total length of 400 meters with 6 spans. Tourists can enjoy beautiful panoramic views of the bay and the sea, as well as one of the most beautiful beaches in Alexandria.

Situated in El-Moaskar El-Romani Street, Mustafa Kamel Necropolis dates back to the Ptolemaic era, approximately 3rd century AD. The Necropolis comprises four tombs with very interesting depictions. The tombs are characterized by beautiful bright inscriptions and paintings that illustrate the life of the dead. Mustafa Kamel Necropolis was discovered in the year 1933.

Chatby Tombs are considered to be the oldest tombs in Alexandria. The tombs were built after model Greek houses. They also resemble Anfushi Tombs in Alexandria. The tombs feature the doorway that brings you to corridors and two chambers.

Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral is the historical seat of the Pope of Alexandria, the head of the Coptic Orthodox Church. The cathedral is said to stand on the site of the church founded by Saint Mark the Evangelist in AD 60. Mark converted many to Christianity and performed many miracles, he is considered the founder of the church in Alexandria and the first Bishop of Alexandria.

In the time of Pope Yusab II, the church building was pulled down and another, larger building was built with reinforced concrete after the basilique style. The six marble pillars were transferred into the outer entrance of the church. The icon carrier was accurately cut into parts, each part given a number, and then it was cautiously returned to where it was originally. The two minarets were not pulled down as they were reinforced with concrete and were decorated with beautiful Coptic engravings. Two new bells – brought from Italy – were provided, one for each minaret. Between 1985 and 1990 the church was widened from the western side after the former style with great accuracy, keeping the two minarets in their places, so the entire area of the church was doubled. The six pillars were transferred to the new western entrance of the church supervised by Pope Shenouda III.

Roman amphitheaters are large, circular or oval open-air venues with raised seating – built by the Ancient Romans. Built in the IV century AD, Ancient Roman Amphitheater in Alexandria is an amazing work of art with a capacity of 800 seats. It was a place for wonderful musical performances and various contests. The Gladiator games were also held here. The theater was built with materials from all over the world. It features great surroundings, marvelous trees and plants.

The largest Roman triumphal column constructed outside of the imperial capitals of Rome and Constantinople, Pompey's Pillar is one of the best-known ancient monuments still standing in Alexandria today. The only known free-standing column in Roman Egypt which was not composed of drums, it is one of the largest ancient monoliths and one of the largest monolithic columns ever erected. It is located on Alexandria's ancient acropolis - a modest hill located adjacent to the city's Arab cemetery-and was originally part of a temple colonnade. Including its pedestal, it is 30 meters high; the shaft is of polished red granite, 2.7 meters in diameter at the base, tapering to 2.4 meters at the top. The shaft is 27 meters high made out of a single piece of granite. Pompey's Pillar may have been erected using the same methods that were used to erect the ancient obelisks. The structure was plundered and demolished in the 4th century when a bishop decreed that Paganism must be eradicated. "Pompey's Pillar" is a misnomer, as it has nothing to do with Pompey, having been erected in 293 for Diocletian, possibly in memory of the rebellion of Domitius Domitianus.

The Serapeum was a temple built by Ptolemy III and dedicated to Serapis, the syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god who was made the protector of Alexandria. The Serapeum was the largest and most magnificent of all temples in the Greek quarter of Alexandria. Besides the image of the god, the temple precinct housed an offshoot collection of the great Library of Alexandria. The Serapeum in Alexandria was destroyed by a Christian crowd or Roman soldiers in 391.

A film called Agora was released in 2009 depicting these and other events, with semi-historical accuracy . The destruction of the Serapeum, described by Christian writers Tyrannius Rufinus and Sozomen, was but the most spectacular of such conflicts, according to Peter Brown. Several other ancient and modern authors, instead, have interpreted the destruction of the Serapeum in Alexandria as representative of the triumph of Christianity and an example of the attitude of the Christians towards pagans.

A historical archaeological site, the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa lie on the western necropolis of Alexandria and consist of three levels cut through solid rock, the third level being now completely underwater. It houses a series of Alexandrian tombs, statues and archaeological objects of the Pharaonic funeral cult with Hellenistic and early Imperial Roman influences. The Catacombs were named Kom El Shoqafa, meaning Mound of Shards, because the area used to contain a mound of shards of terra cotta which mostly consisted of jars and objects made of clay belonging to those visiting the tombs, who would bring food and wine for their consumption during the visit, but didn't wish to carry them back home from this place of death so they would break them.

The Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa is, according to some lists, also one of the seven medieval wonders of the world. One of the more gruesome features of the catacombs is the so called Hall of Caracalla. According to tradition, this is a mass burial chamber for the humans and animals massacred by order of the Emperor Caracalla.

Due to the time period, many of the features of the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa merge Roman, Greek and Egyptian cultural points; some statues are Egyptian in style, yet bear Roman clothes and hair style whilst other features share a similar style. A circular staircase, which was often used to transport deceased bodies down the middle of it, leads down into the tombs that were tunneled into the bedrock during the age of the Antonine emperors. The facility was then used as a burial chamber from the 2nd century to the 4th century, before being rediscovered in 1900 when a donkey accidentally fell into the access shaft. It is believed that the catacombs were only intended for a single family, but it is unclear why the site was expanded in order to house numerous other individuals.

Anfushi Tombs consist of five tombs that date back to the third century BC. They are beautifully decorated with Egyptian graffiti and amazing pictures worth seeing. Anfushi Tombs showcase the blend of both Greek and Egyptian arts. The tombs were revealed in 1901 and 1921.

It was a tower built in the 3rd century BC on the island of Pharos in Alexandria, Egypt to serve as that port's landmark, and later, its lighthouse.
The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria, was a lofty tower built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom between 280 and 247 BC with a 393-450 ft (120-137m) height. It was one of the tallest man-made structures on Earth for many centuries, and was regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Badly damaged by three earthquakes between 956 and 1323, it then became an abandoned ruin. It was the third longest surviving ancient wonder (after the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the still extant Great Pyramid of Giza) until in 1480 the last of its remnant stones were used to build the Citadel of Qaitbay on the site. In 1994, French archaeologists discovered some remains of the lighthouse on the floor of Alexandria's Eastern Harbour.