Audio Guide: Arles Introduction Walking Tour (Self Guided), Arles

While living in Arles, Vincent van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo about the “soft and tender light” of the region. Although he called the town home for only 15 months, this brief period became the most productive of his career, yielding more than 300 works.

The town’s name comes from the ancient Ligurian and Celtic term Arelate, meaning “the dwelling by the marshes,” a nod to its fertile surroundings and proximity to the wetlands of the Camargue region.

The story of Arles begins around 800 BC, when the Ligurians first settled in the area. The Phoenicians later established a trading port, recognizing its strategic position between the sea and inland trade routes. The Greeks from nearby Marseille followed, further shaping its early prosperity.

Yet, Arles truly rose to prominence under Roman rule. In 123 BC, it became part of the Roman Empire, and a century later, Julius Caesar rewarded the city for its loyalty during his conflict with bitter rival Pompey by transforming it into a Roman colony - Arelate Julia. This ushered in its golden age as a thriving provincial capital and naval base, rivaling Marseille. Given the latter's punishment for standing with Pompey, Arles overtook Marseille in influence between the 4th and 5th centuries AD.

After Rome’s decline, Arles did not fall into anonymity, it adapted. Following a succession of rulers, the Holy Roman Empire knocked at the door in 1032. This event allowed the town to maintain its status throughout the Middle Ages.

A stroll through Arles’ old town reveals a tapestry of history and art - Roman ruins, narrow cobblestone streets, and vibrant Provençal cafés. The majestic Amphitheatre and Roman Theatre stand as reminders of the city’s imperial past, while the St. Trophime Church reveals medieval religious change. Brightly colored shutters, market scents, and echoes of Van Gogh’s paintings create an atmosphere where ancient Rome and artistic Provence meet under the Mediterranean sun.

Arles has been continuously inhabited for over 2,500 years, yet Van Gogh’s brief 15-month stay has become one of its proudest moments. The city celebrates its renowned resident, and as you begin this walk, you may find the same “soft and tender” light creeping out of every corner.