Audio Guide: Mumbai's Historical Churches (Self Guided), Mumbai

The seven islands that later formed Mumbai were originally inhabited by Marathi-speaking Koli fishing communities, whose primary religion was Hinduism. Over time, the city’s strategic coastal position attracted traders and settlers from across the Indian Ocean world. Muslim communities became established through maritime trade and later expanded during the period of Mughal influence. Today, roughly 20% of Mumbai’s population identifies as Muslim.

When the Portuguese took control of the region in 1534, they promoted Roman Catholicism and built churches throughout their territories. Later, under British rule, Christianity continued to spread as the city developed into a major colonial port. In the early 19th century, members of the Baghdadi Jewish community arrived in Bombay, many fleeing persecution and economic restrictions in Iraq. As a result of these historical waves of migration and rule, Mumbai today remains a city where many religions coexist side by side.

The ancient Mumba Devi Temple, dedicated to the city’s patron goddess after whom Mumbai takes its name, has long been an important center of worship. The Jumma Masjid is one of the city’s oldest mosques. Built around a central tank, the mosque’s elegant Mughal-influenced architecture and calm courtyard provide a peaceful setting for prayer amid the surrounding commercial district.

Meanwhile, Saint Thomas’ Cathedral is one of the oldest British buildings in the city. Completed in 1718, the cathedral serves as the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Mumbai. In the Kala Ghoda district stands the Keneseth Eliyahoo Synagogue, completed in 1884. Its blue façade and richly decorated interiors reflect the legacy of Mumbai’s Baghdadi Jewish community and remain an important symbol of the city’s Jewish heritage.

Another prominent Christian landmark is the Holy Name Cathedral in Colaba. Built between 1902 and 1905, this Romanesque Revival cathedral serves as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay and is known for its ornate interior and stained-glass windows.

Together, these sacred sites illustrate the remarkable religious diversity that has shaped Mumbai over centuries. Hindu temples, mosques, churches, and synagogues stand within the same cityscape, reflecting the layered cultural history of this dynamic Indian metropolis and offering visitors a glimpse into its enduring traditions of faith and coexistence.